Abstract The era of Congolese political, socio-economic instability that has affected the central African region has returned, yet again. Nearly two decades after Joseph Kabila was installed as president of the Democratic Republic of Congo by the Southern African Development community (SADC), at the height of the regional central African war, following the assassination of his father, Laurent Desire Kabila, he has not shown any willingness to relinquish power. This is even so after the lapse of his constitutional mandates in December 2016, secured in 2006 and 2011. This continued reign, which is dependent on the repressive use of force by the state, has elicited spirited attempts by the political opposition, including the influential Catholic Church, calling for his immediate resignation. In response, the state has unleashed repression, which has resulted in fatalities and uprooted communities, resulting also in forced migration that destabilised the Great lakes sub-region. This article argues that the state reconstruction of Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo, following the hurried departure of Mobutu Sese Seko, engineered by Laurent Kabila, and his son Joseph, has failed to take root, resulting in sub-regional instability that has engulfed, not only the Great lakes region, but also southern Africa as a whole.

中文翻译：

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如何解释约瑟夫·卡比拉总统在 2018 年底被迫勉强放弃权力之前寻求第三个任期的原因？

摘要 影响中非地区的刚果政治、社会经济不稳定时代再次回归。在约瑟夫·卡比拉 (Joseph Kabila) 被南部非洲发展共同体 (SADC) 任命为刚果民主共和国总统近 20 年后，在中非地区战争的高峰期，他的父亲洛朗·德西雷·卡比拉 (Laurent Desire Kabila) 被暗杀后，他没有表现出任何放弃权力的意愿。在 2016 年 12 月他的宪法授权失效后，情况也是如此，他在 2006 年和 2011 年获得了保障。这种依赖于国家使用武力镇压的持续统治引起了政治反对派的积极尝试，包括有影响力的天主教会，呼吁他立即辞职。作为回应，国家发动了镇压，这导致了死亡人数和社区流离失所，还导致被迫迁移，破坏了五大湖次区域的稳定。本文认为，在洛朗·卡比拉 (Laurent Kabila) 和他的儿子约瑟夫 (Joseph) 设计的蒙博托·塞塞·塞科 (Mobutu Sese Seko) 匆忙离开之后，扎伊尔 (现为刚果民主共和国) 的国家重建未能扎根，导致次区域不稳定。不仅大湖区，而且整个南部非洲都被吞没了。