Palm fatty acid distillate PFAD is an example of potential low-cost palm biofuel second generation feedstock, most used as a source of fatty acid for non-food applications in industry. Catalytic application of Oxone® salt was used in the present study for the esterification reaction of PFAD for biodiesel production for the first time. After optimizing the conversion rate, was possible to observe that, among the process variables studied [Oxone® concentration (%), temperature (°C) and reaction time (h)], Oxone® concentration was the only significant variable for the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) generation response variable. A > 90% conversion rate was reached with 15% Oxone® at 42 °C, using a PFAD:ethanol molar ratio of 1:5 at 12 h reaction time. The reaction system has a series of advantages, such as mild conditions, simple operation, green and high conversion. As alternative for make the biodiesel production as sustainable as possible.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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使用 Oxone® 作为潜在催化剂从棕榈脂肪酸馏出物 (PFAD) 生产生物柴油

棕榈脂肪酸馏出物 PFAD 是潜在低成本棕榈生物燃料第二代原料的一个例子，大多数用作工业中非食品应用的脂肪酸来源。Oxone® 盐的催化应用首次用于本研究中用于生产生物柴油的 PFAD 酯化反应。优化转化率后，可以观察到，在研究的工艺变量 [Oxone® 浓度 (%)、温度 (°C) 和反应时间 (h)] 中，Oxone® 浓度是脂肪酸的唯一重要变量乙酯 (FAEE) 生成响应变量。在 42 °C 下使用 15% Oxone® 达到 > 90% 的转化率，在 12 小时反应时间使用 1:5 的 PFAD:乙醇摩尔比。该反应体系具有条件温和、操作简单、绿色环保，转化率高。作为使生物柴油生产尽可能可持续的替代方案。

图形摘要