Beyond the reproductive system and reproductive behaviors, men and women exhibit major differences in many organ systems, including the anatomy of the brain, the activities of the stress and immune systems, and the metabolic and cardiovascular functions. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of these sex differences on health and disease is crucial to the development of effective sex-based therapies. Mathematical modeling has the potential of facilitating and contributing to advancing the understanding of sex differences in health and disease. Indeed, explosion of mathematical models have been developed in recent decades for different aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology. This review contains a survey of sex-specific mathematical models of physiological systems, describe insights that have been revealed in those modeling studies, and discuss future opportunities.

除了生殖系统和生殖行为之外，男性和女性在许多器官系统中表现出重大差异，包括大脑的解剖结构、压力和免疫系统的活动以及代谢和心血管功能。全面了解这些性别差异对健康和疾病的影响对于开发有效的基于性别的疗法至关重要。数学建模具有促进和促进对健康和疾病中性别差异的理解的潜力。事实上，近几十年来，针对人类生理学和病理生理学的不同方面，已经开发出大量的数学模型。这篇综述包含对生理系统性别特定数学模型的调查，描述了这些建模研究中揭示的见解，