3D printing has made remarkable progress in soft tissue reconstruction enabling the custom design of complex material implants with patient specific geometry. The aim of this study was to inkjet print mechanically reinforced biocompatible hydrogels. Here, we developed a double crosslinked ink by optimizing the rheological properties of solutions of sodium alginate (NaAlg), NaAlg/transglutaminase (TG), CaCl₂ and gelatin/CaCl₂. The results showed that a two-component ink system comprising NaAlg (4% w/v)/TG (0.8% w/v) and gelatin (4% w/v)/CaCl₂ (3% w/v) gave optimum printability. The mechanical and biological properties of printed alginate/gelatin hydrogels prepared from inks with different gelatin contents, and incorporated fibroblasts, were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), mechanical testing and laser confocal microscopy. The compressive moduli of alginate/gelatin hydrogels could be adjusted from 19.2 kPa ± 1.2 kPa to 65.9 kPa ± 3.3 kPa by increasing the content of gelatin. After incubation for 7 d, fibroblasts had permeated all printed hydrogels and the rate of proliferation increased with increasing gelatin content. The highest cell proliferation rate (497%) was obtained in a hydrogel containing 4.5% (w/v) gelatin. This study offers a new strategy for the fabrication of 3D structures used to mimic the function of native tissues.

3D 打印在软组织重建方面取得了显着进展，使具有患者特定几何形状的复杂材料植入物的定制设计成为可能。这项研究的目的是喷墨打印机械增强的生物相容性水凝胶。在这里，我们通过优化海藻酸钠 (NaAlg)、NaAlg/转谷氨酰胺酶 (TG)、CaCl ₂和明胶/CaCl ₂溶液的流变特性开发了一种双交联油墨。结果表明，包含 NaAlg (4% w/v)/TG (0.8% w/v) 和明胶 (4% w/v)/CaCl ₂的双组分油墨体系(3% w/v) 提供了最佳的印刷适性。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、机械测试和激光共聚焦显微镜表征了由具有不同明胶含量的墨水和掺入的成纤维细胞制备的印刷海藻酸盐/明胶水凝胶的机械和生物学特性。通过增加明胶的含量，海藻酸盐/明胶水凝胶的压缩模量可以从19.2 kPa ± 1.2 kPa调整到65.9 kPa ± 3.3 kPa。培养 7 天后，成纤维细胞已经渗透到所有打印的水凝胶中，增殖率随着明胶含量的增加而增加。在含有 4.5% (w/v) 明胶的水凝胶中获得最高的细胞增殖率 (497%)。这项研究为制造用于模拟天然组织功能的 3D 结构提供了一种新策略。