Selecting a proper set of projects is an important issue to make crucial decisions for many project-oriented organizations enabling them to achieve their goals despite the existing operational constraints (resources, time, etc.) and competitive environments. Since the results and consequences of the selected projects have short-term and long-range effects on social, economic, and environmental conditions, sustainable development suggests considering both financial and non-financial factors simultaneously. Thus, paying attention to the principles of sustainable development and considering social and environmental criteria along with economic criteria will lead to proper selection of sustainable and balanced project portfolio. In this paper, first, the conventional sustainability criteria are identified and screened; afterward, the importance weights of them will be calculated using the Z-AHP approach. Then by utilizing the Z-DEA, the input and output sustainability criteria are identified and the efficiency of the undertaken projects is finally calculated. In this paper, the project efficiencies have been calculated once using the Z-DEA and once through the Z-AHP-DEA approach. The results show that when the importance weights of sustainability criteria obtained by the Z-AHP are being considered, it will affect the project efficiencies as well as the ranking of the projects and make it possible, to achieve a more effective solution applying the Z-AHP-DEA approach (modified importance weights are considered). The results of AHP, DEA, and AHP-DEA approaches have been compared with the results of certain and fuzzy conditions when the measure of expert opinions is calculated by Z-Number. It has been depicted that by shifting from certainty to uncertainty (certainty, fuzzy, Z-Number (fuzzy considering probability)) the answers get more effective and realistic and it also demonstrates that the proposed Z-AHP-DEA can be used for ranking of projects as a reliable approach.

对于许多面向项目的组织来说，选择一组合适的项目是一个重要的决策，使他们能够在现有的运营限制（资源、时间等）和竞争环境中实现目标。由于选定项目的结果和后果对社会、经济和环境条件具有短期和长期影响，因此可持续发展建议同时考虑财务和非财务因素。因此，关注可持续发展的原则并考虑社会和环境标准以及经济标准将导致正确选择可持续和平衡的项目组合。在本文中，首先，识别和筛选了传统的可持续性标准；之后，它们的重要性权重将使用 Z-AHP 方法计算。然后利用Z-DEA，确定投入和产出的可持续性标准，并最终计算出所承担项目的效率。在本文中，项目效率计算了一次使用 Z-DEA 和一次通过 Z-AHP-DEA 方法。结果表明，当考虑 Z-AHP 获得的可持续性标准的重要性权重时，将影响项目效率以及项目的排名，并使得应用 Z-AHP 获得更有效的解决方案成为可能。 AHP-DEA 方法（考虑修改的重要性权重）。AHP、DEA、并将AHP-DEA方法与某些模糊条件下的结果进行了比较，当专家意见的度量由Z-Number计算时。已经描述了通过从确定性转变为不确定性（确定性、模糊性、Z 数（模糊考虑概率）），答案变得更加有效和现实，并且还表明所提出的 Z-AHP-DEA 可用于对项目作为一种可靠的方法。