Refugees and asylum seekers are frequently exposed to violence, human rights violations and unstable living conditions before, during, and after their displacement. Elevated prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in forcibly displaced persons are well documented. However, less is known about other problems related to common refugee experiences, such as embitterment, moral injury, and diminished self-efficacy, and how they are related to trauma exposure and post-migration living difficulties. A cross-sectional sample of 71 refugees and asylum seekers in treatment were examined regarding exposure to potentially traumatic events, post-migration living difficulties, moral injury appraisals, self-efficacy, and embitterment. Elevated levels of embitterment were reported by 68% of participants. The regression analysis revealed that greater moral injury appraisals and low levels of self-efficacy were significantly associated with higher levels of embitterment. The results provide first insights into embitterment and associated factors in refugee populations. Furthermore, they highlight the significance of moral transgressions and low levels of self-efficacy emerging from displacement and traumatic experiences for the development of mental health problems in a clinical sample of refugees. The findings have implications for future research, policy development and clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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受创伤难民痛苦的探索性研究

难民和寻求庇护者在流离失所之前、期间和之后经常面临暴力、侵犯人权和不稳定的生活条件。被强迫流离失所者的精神疾病患病率升高是有据可查的。然而，人们对与常见难民经历相关的其他问题，如怨恨、道德伤害和自我效能感降低，以及它们与创伤暴露和移民后生活困难的关系知之甚少。对 71 名接受治疗的难民和寻求庇护者的横断面样本进行了检查，这些样本涉及潜在的创伤事件、移民后的生活困难、道德伤害评估、自我效能感和苦恼。68% 的参与者报告了更高的痛苦程度。回归分析表明，较高的道德伤害评估和较低的自我效能水平与较高的痛苦水平显着相关。结果提供了对难民人口中的痛苦和相关因素的初步见解。此外，他们强调了从流离失所和创伤经历中出现的道德违规和低水平的自我效能感对难民临床样本中心理健康问题的发展的重要性。这些发现对未来的研究、政策制定和临床实践都有影响。它们强调了因流离失所和创伤经历而导致的道德过失和低水平的自我效能感对于难民临床样本中心理健康问题的发展的重要性。这些发现对未来的研究、政策制定和临床实践都有影响。它们强调了因流离失所和创伤经历而导致的道德过失和低水平的自我效能感对于难民临床样本中心理健康问题的发展的重要性。这些发现对未来的研究、政策制定和临床实践都有影响。