Abstract

An overview of trends in Russian academic ethnology over the past three decades is provided. This is an analysis of the state of the discipline from the inside, from the point of view of the author, who has been at the center of the scientific and public life of the country for all these years and who, as the director of the RAS Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, influenced academic strategy and institutional changes. This is also a view on Russian national ethnology in the context of epistemological shifts and disciplinary changes that have taken place in world sociocultural anthropology and ethnology. The main provisions of this article concern intradisciplinary inertia and the difficult revision of the Soviet legacy; the restrictive impact of dominant public practices on the choice of metatheoretical constructs such as social constructivism in culturally complex societies; the influence of the ideology and practice of ethno-nationalism on the scientific community and the resultant “postcolonial” or aboriginal anthropology; and the combination of ethnographic tradition and new directions in the search for cultural similarities as the antithesis to the traditional obsession with establishing differences. The article analyzes the nation-building project based on a multiethnic civil nation as one of the prospects for the anthropological vision of Russia and the place of scientists in this project. The author evaluates the post-Soviet period as one of the most fruitful in the history of Russian ethnology in terms of the formation of new trends, thematic repertoire, and geography of research.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯民族学的过去和未来之路：全球视野中的个人观点

摘要

提供了过去三十年俄罗斯学术民族学趋势的概述。这是从作者的角度从内部对学科状况的分析，作者多年来一直处于该国科学和公共生活的中心，并且作为该学科的负责人。 RAS 民族学和人类学研究所影响了学术战略和制度变革。这也是在世界社会文化人类学和民族学发生的认识论转变和学科变革背景下对俄罗斯民族民族学的看法。这篇文章的主要条款涉及学科内的惯性和苏联遗产的艰难修正；在文化复杂的社会中，占主导地位的公共实践对诸如社会建构主义之类的元理论建构选择的限制性影响；民族主义的意识形态和实践对科学界的影响以及由此产生的“后殖民”或原住民人类学；以及民族志传统与寻求文化相似性的新方向的结合，作为对建立差异的传统痴迷的对立面。文章分析了基于多民族文明国家的国家建设项目，作为俄罗斯人类学视野的前景之一，以及科学家在该项目中的地位。就新趋势的形成、主题曲目、