Abstract

The results of analysis of the status position of a young scientist as a multidimensional sociocultural phenomenon and not only as an instrumental category of scientific policy are presented. The socio-historical context of the formation of the category of youth is considered, the constitutive characteristics of this social group are identified, and the transformations that it undergoes under the dominance of the innovative strategy of economic and social development are revealed. Comparing Russian and foreign (primarily European) practice, the author points out that Russian functionaries lack an understanding of what the status of a young scientist is. It is substantiated that this status is determined according not so much to the age criterion as to the criterion of career advancement. In the leading countries in the field of science, a junior scientist goes through certain stages of career growth, some of which, primarily postdoctoral studies, have no equivalent in Russia. A comparative analysis of the postgraduate and postdoctoral stages makes it possible to draw certain conclusions about the importance of postdoctoral studies as an instrument of scientific policy under, on the one hand, an increased supply of scientific labor and, on the other, the need to transfer knowledge and skills within the framework of the model of interaction between science, the state, and the private sector, known as the triple helix pattern. Finally, the conclusion is substantiated that the position of a junior scientist, characterized by a marginal position in the scientific hierarchy and the risk of leaving the profession, is of great sociocultural importance since it is during “scientific youth” when unique human capital, cognitive and social, is formed. The totality of acquired individual competencies determines the further development of science, as well as related areas involved in the application and dissemination of scientific knowledge.

中文翻译：

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青年科学家社会文化地位的主要特征

摘要

将青年科学家的地位分析为一种多维社会文化现象，而不仅仅是作为科学政策的工具类别的分析结果。青年范畴形成的社会历史背景考虑了这一社会群体的构成特征，揭示了它在经济社会发展创新战略主导下所经历的转变。比较俄罗斯和外国（主要是欧洲）的实践，作者指出俄罗斯官员缺乏对年轻科学家地位的了解。事实证明，这种地位不是根据年龄标准而是根据职业发展标准来确定的。在科学领域的领先国家，初级科学家经历了职业发展的某些阶段，其中一些，主要是博士后研究，在俄罗斯没有同等水平。对研究生和博士后阶段的比较分析可以得出关于博士后研究作为科学政策工具的重要性的某些结论，一方面，科学劳动力供应增加，另一方面，需要在科学、国家和私营部门之间相互作用的模型框架内转移知识和技能，称为三螺旋模式。最后，结论证实了初级科学家的地位，其特点是在科学等级中处于边缘地位和离开专业的风险，具有重要的社会文化重要性，因为它是在“科学青年”期间，当独特的人力资本、认知和社会，是形成的。