Nicaragua is one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Latin America, with a collectivist culture, where information on people in a homeless situation is very limited. The study examines a sample of people living homeless in the city of León (Nicaragua), their level of overall happiness, their future expectations, their perception of the evolution of their situation, their causal attributions of homelessness, and the aspects they believe are most important for overcoming their situation. Forty-one of the 68 homeless people contacted in León (Nicaragua) responded to a structured interview. The results show that the interviewees reported very low levels of overall happiness, although their future expectations were positive. The interviewees attributed homelessness situation (their own and other people's) primarily to individualistic causes and problems in family relationships, and they had a tendency to consider both themselves and other people living homeless responsible for their homelessness. The results are compared to the data obtained using similar methodologies and instruments for people living homeless in Madrid (Spain) and trash pickers in León (Nicaragua)—two groups in situations of extreme poverty and social exclusion.

中文翻译：

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莱昂（尼加拉瓜）无家可归者对无家可归者的不满和随意归因

尼加拉瓜是拉丁美洲发展水平最低的国家之一，具有集体主义文化，关于无家可归者的信息非常有限。该研究调查了莱昂市（尼加拉瓜）无家可归者的样本，他们的整体幸福水平，他们对未来的期望，他们对自己情况演变的看法，他们对无家可归的原因，以及他们认为最常见的方面对克服他们的处境很重要。在莱昂（尼加拉瓜）联系的 68 名无家可归者中，有 41 人接受了结构化采访。结果表明，尽管他们对未来的期望是积极的，但受访者的整体幸福感非常低。受访者将无家可归的情况（他们自己和其他人的 s) 主要是由于个人主义原因和家庭关系中的问题，他们倾向于认为自己和其他无家可归的人都对他们的无家可归负责。将结果与使用类似方法和工具获得的数据进行了比较，这些数据来自马德里（西班牙）的无家可归者和莱昂（尼加拉瓜）的垃圾收集者——这两个群体处于极端贫困和社会排斥的境地。