Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) exist in soil with different ionic forms, and it is difficult to immobilize simultaneously Pb and As in soil. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of water management including flooding (FL), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and dry farming (DF) combined with addition of phosphate (P) on the accumulation of Pb and As in rice. Our results showed that Pb accumulated in root during vegetative stage, and most of As in root was transported to the above ground parts during the reproductive stage. Pb was evenly distributed in grains, and As was mostly accumulated in bran and aleurone layer. Water management had a reverse effect on the accumulation of Pb and As in rice. However, the effects of P on arid soil environment and Pb, As accumulation in rice were stronger than that in flooded soil. Application of P under AWD treatment could maintain a similar quantity of Fe plaque with flooding, decrease the availability of Pb in rhizosphere soil, reduce Pb and As accumulation in root, and result in the reduction of Pb and As accumulation in grains by 86% and 66% respectively. Besides, our study also found that flooding or AWD during vegetative stage facilitated the formation of iron plaque. In conclusion, AWD combined with P application could maintain a relatively lower concentrations of Pb and As in grains.

土壤中铅（Pb）和砷（As）以不同的离子形式存在，很难同时固定土壤中的 Pb 和 As。本研究的目的是确定水管理，包括洪水 (FL)、交替干湿 (AWD) 和旱作 (DF) 结合添加磷酸盐 (P) 对水稻中 Pb 和 As 积累的影响。我们的研究结果表明，Pb在营养阶段在根中积累，而在生殖阶段根中大部分As被输送到地上部分。Pb在谷物中分布均匀，As主要积累在麸皮和糊粉层。水分管理对水稻中铅和砷的积累有相反的影响。但P对干旱土壤环境的影响和Pb、As在水稻中的积累作用强于淹水土壤。AWD处理下施磷可保持与淹水相近的铁斑块数量，降低根际土壤中Pb的有效性，减少根系中Pb和As的积累，使籽粒中Pb和As的积累减少86%和分别为 66%。此外，我们的研究还发现，营养阶段的洪水或 AWD 促进了铁斑的形成。总之，AWD 结合施磷可以保持谷物中相对较低的 Pb 和 As 浓度。我们的研究还发现，营养阶段的洪水或 AWD 促进了铁斑块的形成。总之，AWD 结合施磷可以保持谷物中相对较低的 Pb 和 As 浓度。我们的研究还发现，营养阶段的洪水或 AWD 促进了铁斑块的形成。总之，AWD 结合施磷可以保持谷物中相对较低的 Pb 和 As 浓度。