With the abrupt nationwide lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities suspended face-to-face activities. Some of them decided to continue their academic courses, adapting traditional approaches to online learning. An important challenge was to deliver programming labs over the Internet without important methodological changes, which might imply modifications of the learning outcomes. Most of the existing approaches to remote programming labs are based on asynchronous learning, where students work autonomously and contact the lecturers if they have any issues. The existing systems to provide synchronous programming labs are restricted to a single programming language or application type, and show significant interaction limitations. Therefore, we defined an infrastructure that allowed us to deliver synchronous programming labs over the Internet during the COVID-19 lockdown, as we used to do face-to-face. After using it for both programming labs and exams, students showed a high level of satisfaction. Compared to previous years, the use of our system produced no statistically significant difference in student's grades, pass and fail rates, or the number of students taking the lab exam. The network bandwidth, CPU, and memory resources consumed are sufficiently low to have allowed all the students to use it without any issues. Regardless of the pedagogical and methodological approach selected, our infrastructure provides the synchronous and remote delivery of programming labs, similar to the original face-to-face approach. Its features make it appropriate to deliver synchronous remote classes where strong lecturer–student interaction is required, and all the student work can be done with their computers.

中文翻译：

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提供同步远程编程实验室的基础设施

由于 COVID-19 大流行导致全国突然封锁，许多大学暂停了面对面的活动。他们中的一些人决定继续他们的学术课程，将传统方法应用于在线学习。一个重要的挑战是在没有重要方法改变的情况下通过互联网提供编程实验室，这可能意味着学习结果的修改。大多数现有的远程编程实验室方法都基于异步学习，学生自主工作，如有任何问题，请联系讲师。提供同步编程实验室的现有系统仅限于单一编程语言或应用程序类型，并显示出显着的交互限制。所以，我们定义了一个基础设施，使我们能够在 COVID-19 锁定期间通过互联网提供同步编程实验室，就像我们过去面对面的那样。在编程实验室和考试中使用它后，学生表现出很高的满意度。与前几年相比，使用我们的系统在学生的成绩、通过和失败率或参加实验室考试的学生人数方面没有统计学上的显着差异。消耗的网络带宽、CPU 和内存资源足够低，足以让所有学生都可以毫无问题地使用它。无论选择哪种教学方法和方法，我们的基础设施都提供编程实验室的同步和远程交付，类似于原始的面对面方法。