The Newtonian value of $0{.}^{\prime \prime }84$ for the gravitational deflection of a ray of light from a distant star, grazing the rim of the Sun, was derived already in 1801 by Johann Georg von Soldner. The same value was obtained by Albert Einstein in 1911 on the basis of the equivalence principle alone. Four years later, Einstein predicted twice that value on the basis of the full theory of general relativity, a value that was later confirmed by observation. A direct comparison of Soldner's and Einstein's works is obscured by a confluence of various factors of 2, arising both from different conventions and from printing errors.

中文翻译：

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索尔德纳，爱因斯坦，引力光偏转和二因数

的牛顿值 $0{.}^{\prime \prime }84$约翰·乔治·冯·索尔德纳 (Johann Georg von Soldner) 早在 1801 年就已经推导出了来自遥远恒星的光线在掠过太阳边缘时发生的引力偏转。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在 1911 年仅根据等效原理就获得了相同的值。四年后，爱因斯坦根据广义相对论的完整理论两次预测了这个值，这个值后来被观察证实。索尔德纳和爱因斯坦作品的直接比较被 2 的各种因素的汇合所掩盖，这些因素来自不同的约定和印刷错误。