This article critically analyses Turkish legislation and practice regulating the status of “undesirable but unreturnable” asylum-seekers, who are suspected and/or convicted of criminality but cannot be removed from Turkey due to the principle of non-refoulement, questioning how the issue is tackled by the Turkish State. The current political situation in the region having forced it to change and update its legislation, it has created a temporary protection regimen to handle refugee influxes, a subsidiary protection regime, and other categories of staying permits for foreigners who cannot be removed from Turkish territory. Beyond the political situation, its legal and judicial initiatives are, however, affected by its international and regional legal obligations, as European Court of Human Rights case law demonstrates. There is limited information as to how many exclusion-triggered cases are processed and how many refugees are excluded and what happens to those who are excluded after this decision. Furthermore, Turkey’s situation might be untenable, as it is the main transit hub for foreign terrorist fighters and people fleeing the Syrian and Iraqi conflicts.

中文翻译：

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排除万难：土耳其对“不受欢迎但无法返回”的寻求庇护者的回应

本文批判性地分析了土耳其关于规范“不受欢迎但无法遣返”的寻求庇护者地位的立法和实践，这些寻求庇护者涉嫌和/或被判犯有犯罪但由于不驱回原则而不能被驱逐出土耳其，并质疑该问题是如何产生的由土耳其政府处理。该地区当前的政治局势迫使它改变和更新其立法，它制定了一个临时保护制度来处理难民涌入，一个辅助保护制度，以及其他类别的外国人居留许可不能离开土耳其领土。然而，除了政治局势之外，其法律和司法举措还受到其国际和区域法律义务的影响，正如欧洲人权法院判例法所表明的那样。关于处理了多少被排除在外的案件、有多少难民被排除在外，以及在这一决定后被排除在外的人会发生什么，信息有限。此外，土耳其的局势可能难以为继，因为它是外国恐怖主义战斗人员以及逃离叙利亚和伊拉克冲突的人们的主要中转枢纽。