Neurogenesis is a complex process which governs embryonic brain development and is important for brain plasticity throughout the whole life. Postnatal neurogenesis occurs in neurogenic niches that regulate the processes of proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells driven by stimuli triggering mechanisms of neuroplasticity. In the neurogenic niches cells of glial and endothelial origin are the key regulators of neurogenesis. It is known that physiological neurogeneses is crucial for memory formation, whereas reparative neurogenesis provides partial repair of injured brain structures and compensation of neurological deficits caused by the brain injury. Dysregulation of neurogenesis is a characteristics feature of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly, Alzheimer’s disease representing a very important medical and social problem. In the in vitro model of the neurogenic niche using hippocampal neurospheres as a source of stem/progenitor cells and astrocytes, we have studied effects of astrocyte activation on the expression of markers of different stages of cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that aberrant mechanisms of development of stem and progenitor cells, caused by the beta-amyloid peptide (Аβ1–42), can be partially restored by targeted activation of GFAP-expressing cells in the neurogenic niche.

中文翻译：

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星形胶质细胞介导的 Aβ1-42 体外神经源性生态位模型中细胞发育的调节

神经发生是一个复杂的过程，它控制着胚胎大脑的发育，对整个生命中的大脑可塑性很重要。出生后神经发生发生在神经源性壁龛中，这些壁龛调节由神经可塑性的刺激触发机制驱动的干细胞和祖细胞的增殖和分化过程。在神经原性生态位中，胶质细胞和内皮细胞是神经发生的关键调节剂。众所周知，生理神经发生对于记忆形成至关重要，而修复性神经发生提供受损脑结构的部分修复和由脑损伤引起的神经功能缺损的补偿。神经发生的失调是各种神经发育和神经退行性疾病的特征，特别是，阿尔茨海默病是一个非常重要的医学和社会问题。在使用海马神经球作为干/祖细胞和星形胶质细胞来源的神经源性生态位的体外模型中，我们研究了星形胶质细胞活化对细胞增殖和分化不同阶段标志物表达的影响。我们发现由β-淀粉样肽（-β1-42）引起的干细胞和祖细胞发育的异常机制可以通过靶向激活神经源性生态位中表达 GFAP 的细胞来部分恢复。我们研究了星形胶质细胞活化对细胞增殖和分化不同阶段标志物表达的影响。我们发现由β-淀粉样肽（-β1-42）引起的干细胞和祖细胞发育的异常机制可以通过靶向激活神经源性生态位中表达 GFAP 的细胞来部分恢复。我们研究了星形胶质细胞活化对细胞增殖和分化不同阶段标志物表达的影响。我们发现由β-淀粉样肽（-β1-42）引起的干细胞和祖细胞发育的异常机制可以通过靶向激活神经源性生态位中表达 GFAP 的细胞来部分恢复。