Objective: To analyze the psychophysiological response during takeoff, landing, air-air attack and air-ground attack maneuvers. Methods: A total of 11 expert pilots (age=33.36 (5.37)) from the Spanish Air Force participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants had to complete in a flight simulator the following missions: 1) takeoff; 2) Air-air attack; 3) Air-Ground attack, and 4) Landing. The electroencephalographic activity (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected during all these maneuvers. Results: Significant higher values of theta (during takeoff, air-air attack and air-ground attack) EEG power spectrum were obtained when compared to baseline. Significant difference in the P3 scalp location was observed between landing and takeoff maneuvers in the beta EEG power spectrum. Furthermore, significant lower values of HRV were obtained during takeoff, landing, air-air attack and air-ground attack when compared to baseline values. Also, landing showed a higher sympathetic response when compared to takeoff maneuver. Conclusion: Takeoff, landing, air-air attack or air-ground attack maneuvers performed in a flight simulator produced significant changes in the electroencephalographic activity and autonomic modulation of professional pilots. Beta EEG power spectrum modifications suggest that landing maneuvers induced more attentional resources than takeoff. In the same line, a reduced HRV during landing was obtained when compared to takeoff. These results should be considered to training purposes.

目的：分析起飞、着陆、空空袭和空地攻击机动过程中的心理生理反应。方法：来自西班牙空军的 11 名专家飞行员（年龄 = 33.36 (5.37)）参与了这项横断面研究。参与者必须在飞行模拟器中完成以下任务：1）起飞；2）空空攻击；3) 空地攻击，以及 4) 着陆。在所有这些操作过程中收集了脑电图活动 (EEG) 和心率变异性 (HRV)。结果：与基线相比，获得了显着更高的 theta 值（在起飞、空-空攻击和空-地攻击期间）EEG 功率谱。在 Beta EEG 功率谱中，在着陆和起飞操作之间观察到 P3 头皮位置的显着差异。此外，与基线值相比，在起飞、着陆、空对空攻击和空对地攻击期间获得了显着较低的 HRV 值。此外，与起飞机动相比，着陆表现出更高的交感神经反应。结论：在飞行模拟器中执行的起飞、着陆、空对空攻击或空对地攻击机动使专业飞行员的脑电图活动和自主调节发生显着变化。Beta EEG 功率谱修改表明着陆机动比起飞引起更多的注意力资源。在同一条线上，与起飞相比，着陆期间的 HRV 降低。这些结果应被考虑用于培训目的。