Probing of reactive materials such as H₂O ices and fluids at the high pressures and temperatures of planetary interiors is limited by unwanted chemical reactions and confinement failure. Faster experiments can mitigate such issues, but the common approach of adiabatic compression limits the conditions achieved. This study demonstrates a fast experimental strategy for the creation and probing of selected extreme states using static compression coupled with ultrafast X-ray laser heating. Indirect X-ray heating of H₂O through the use of a gold absorber is evidenced by sample melting inferred from textural changes in the H₂O diffraction lines and inter-dispersion of gold and H₂O melts. Coupled with numerical analysis of femtosecond energy absorption, thermal equilibration, and heat transfer, all evidence indicates that temperatures in excess of an electron volt have been reached in the H₂O at high pressure. Even after repeated heating, samples stayed chemically unchanged from the starting material.

在行星内部的高压和高温下探测诸如 H ₂ O 冰和流体之类的反应性材料会受到不必要的化学反应和限制失效的限制。更快的实验可以缓解此类问题，但绝热压缩的常用方法限制了所达到的条件。这项研究展示了一种使用静态压缩与超快 X 射线激光加热相结合的快速实验策略，用于创建和探测选定的极端状态。通过使用金吸收剂对 H ₂ O 进行间接 X 射线加热可以通过从 H ₂ O 衍射线的结构变化以及金和 H _{2 的}相互分散推断出的样品熔化来证明哦融化了。再加上飞秒能量吸收、热平衡和热传递的数值分析，所有证据都表明高压下的 H ₂ O中的温度已超过电子伏特。即使经过反复加热，样品的化学性质也与起始材料保持不变。