ABSTRACT

Glyphosate, an herbicide is extensively used in aquaculture and agriculture to control unwanted weeds, the exact mechanism of its toxicity in freshwater fish is not exactly understood. Therefore, the current study examined the mechanisms of toxicity of glyphosate in Labeo rohita. Labeo rohita were randomly divided into five groups and were exposed to glyphosate. Glyphosate-treated fish exhibited clinical and behavioural ailments. Microscopically, different gills of exposed fish indicated necrosis of epithelial cells of the primary and secondary lamellae, congestion, atrophied lamellae, and uplifting of lamellae. Kidneys and livers of intoxicated fish exhibited different degenerative abnormalities. Red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, and monocytes count decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while biomarkers of liver and kidneys increased significantly in treated fish at higher doses. Values of various biochemical parameters of liver, kidneys, and gills tissues in treated fish including generation of ROS increased significantly while total proteins, antioxidant enzymes catalase, reduced GSH, and SOD significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in time and a dose-dependent manner. Comet and micronucleus assays showed an increased frequency of DNA damage. In conclusion, results indicated that glyphosate induces toxicity via physiological and chemical disturbances in different tissues of fish in a dose and time response.

摘要

草甘膦是一种广泛用于水产养殖和农业以控制不需要的杂草的除草剂，但其对淡水鱼的毒性的确切机制尚不清楚。因此，目前的研究检查了草甘膦在Labeo rohita 中的毒性机制。Labeo rohita被随机分成五组并接触草甘膦。草甘膦处理的鱼表现出临床和行为疾病。镜下暴露鱼的不同鳃部显示初级和次级薄片上皮细胞坏死，充血，薄片萎缩，薄片隆起。醉鱼的肾脏和肝脏表现出不同的退行性异常。红细胞、血红蛋白浓度、淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数显着下降（p  < 0.05) 而肝脏和肾脏的生物标志物在较高剂量的治疗鱼中显着增加。处理鱼肝、肾和鳃组织的各种生化参数值，包括 ROS 的产生显着增加，而总蛋白、抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶、降低的 GSH 和 SOD 随时间和剂量依赖性显着降低（p < 0.05） . 彗星和微核试验显示 DNA 损伤的频率增加。总之，结果表明草甘膦通过剂量和时间响应在鱼的不同组织中通过生理和化学干扰诱导毒性。