During his 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump distinguished himself from other candidates via his hardline stances on issues of immigration. Using data from national surveys conducted between 2014 and 2019, we identify three key findings about views of immigrants among the American public during the Trump era. First, xenophobia was the strongest predictor of Americans’ feelings—anger, fear, pride, and hope—about Donald Trump during his time in office, and the second strongest predictor of feelings about the Republican party (after partisan identification). Second, the influence of Americans’ levels of xenophobia on their feelings about the Republican Party were significantly mediated by their feelings about Trump, especially for negative affect (anger and fear). Third, there has been a backlash against xenophobia, such that political independents and Democrats became significantly more favorable toward immigrants after 2016. As a result, views of immigrants have become more favorable overall, but also more politically polarized. These findings support and extend immigration backlash theory, contribute to research on affective polarization, and document consequential trends in contemporary American politics.

在 2016 年总统竞选期间，唐纳德·特朗普通过在移民问题上的强硬立场将自己与其他候选人区分开来。使用 2014 年至 2019 年间进行的全国调查数据，我们确定了有关特朗普时代美国公众对移民观点的三个主要发现。首先，仇外心理是美国人对唐纳德·特朗普在任期间的感受——愤怒、恐惧、自豪和希望——的最强预测因子，也是对共和党感受的第二强预测因子（在党派认同之后）。其次，美国人的仇外心理水平对他们对共和党的感情的影响显着受他们对特朗普的感情的影响，尤其是负面影响（愤怒和恐惧）。第三，出现了对仇外心理的强烈反对，因此，2016 年之后，政治独立人士和民主党人对移民的态度明显更加有利。因此，移民的观点总体上变得更加有利，但在政治上也更加两极化。这些发现支持并扩展了移民反弹理论，有助于研究情感极化，并记录当代美国政治的相应趋势。