The extreme surges and waves generated in tsunamis can cause devastating damages to coastal infrastructures and threaten the intactness of coastal communities. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, extensive physical experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted to understand the wave attenuation of tsunami waves due to coastal forests. Nearly all prior works used solitary waves as the tsunami wave model, but the spatial-temporal scales of realistic tsunamis differ drastically from that of solitary waves in both wave period and wavelength. More recent work has questioned the applicability of solitary waves and been looking towards more realistic tsunami wave models. Therefore, aiming to achieve more realistic and accurate results, this study will use a parameterized tsunami-like wave based on wave observations during the 2011 Japan tsunami to study the wave attenuation of a tsunami wave by emergent rigid vegetation. This study uses a high-resolution numerical wave tank based on the non-hydrostatic wave model (NHWAVE). This work examines effects of prominent factors, such as wave height, water depth, vegetation density and width, on the wave attenuation efficiency of emergent rigid vegetation. Results indicate that the vegetation patch can dissipate a considerable amount of the total wave energy of the tsunami-like wave. However, the tsunami-like wave has a higher total wave energy, but also a lower wave energy dissipation rate. Results show that using a solitary instead of a tsunami-like wave profile can overestimate the wave attenuation efficiency of the coastal forest.

中文翻译：

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新兴刚性植被对类海啸波衰减的数值研究

海啸产生的极端浪涌和海浪会对沿海基础设施造成毁灭性破坏，并威胁沿海社区的完整性。在 2004 年印度洋海啸之后，已经进行了广泛的物理实验和数值模拟，以了解由于沿海森林引起的海啸波衰减。几乎所有先前的工作都使用孤立波作为海啸波模型，但现实海啸的时空尺度与孤立波在波周期和波长上都存在巨大差异。最近的工作对孤立波的适用性提出了质疑，并一直在寻找更真实的海啸波模型。因此，旨在获得更真实和准确的结果，本研究将使用基于 2011 年日本海啸期间波浪观测的参数化类海啸波来研究海啸波因紧急刚性植被而引起的波衰减。本研究使用基于非静水波浪模型（NHWAVE）的高分辨率数值波浪池。这项工作研究了波高、水深、植被密度和宽度等突出因素对紧急刚性植被波衰减效率的影响。结果表明，植被斑块可以消散相当数量的海啸样波总波能。然而，类似海啸的波浪具有更高的总波浪能量，但也具有较低的波浪能量耗散率。结果表明，使用孤立的而不是类似海啸的波浪剖面会高估沿海森林的波浪衰减效率。