Exploring the role of community service satisfaction in the impact of community social capital (community participation, trust in community organizations) on the sense of community belonging is significant for finding multiple paths for community governance in rapidly urbanizing areas. By constructing an integrated theoretical framework and conducting an empirical analysis in Nanjing, China, this study found that community service satisfaction plays a complete mediating role in the positive impact of community participation on the sense of community belonging, and a partial mediating role in the positive impact of trust in community organizations on the sense of community belonging. Therefore, community service satisfaction is both a reflection of community governance ability and also an intermediary path for community social capital to improve residents’ sense of community belonging.