ABSTRACT

This research explored how an ethics of care is practised in a communitarian society in Karachi, Pakistan. To this end 24 participants were interviewed, 12 males and 12 females aged between 19 and 32 years. We used a culturally adapted version of The Ethics of Care Interview (ECI). This adapted measure focused on lived experiences of participants resulting in an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of interview transcripts to explore ethics of care among study participants. The themes that emerged during IPA included the negotiation between norms related to religion and culture, familism, and gender differences. These analyses confirm the link between gender and the ethics of care indicating that women share higher concerns for care, often demonstrating empathy and sacrifice. The results also show that men expect women to care for others and behave in self-sacrificial ways. The intersectional nature of our study shows that culture and not gender may ultimately explain the ethical considerations of men and women. This means that both men and women justified their ethical choices of care because they believed they had a responsibility to do so. This shows that care ethics are more strongly dictated by societal norms of collectivism.

摘要

这项研究探讨了如何在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的社区社会中实践护理伦理。为此，我们采访了 24 名参与者，其中男性 12 名，女性 12 名，年龄在 19 至 32 岁之间。我们使用了适应文化的版本的护理伦理访谈 (ECI)。这种调整措施侧重于参与者的生活经历，从而对访谈记录进行解释性现象学分析 (IPA)，以探索研究参与者之间的护理伦理。IPA 期间出现的主题包括与宗教和文化、家庭主义和性别差异相关的规范之间的协商。这些分析证实了性别与护理伦理之间的联系，表明女性对护理有着更高的关注度，通常表现出同理心和牺牲精神。结果还表明，男性期望女性关心他人并以自我牺牲的方式行事。我们研究的交叉性质表明，文化而非性别可能最终解释了男性和女性的道德考虑。这意味着男性和女性都证明了他们的道德选择是合理的，因为他们相信他们有责任这样做。这表明护理伦理更强烈地受到集体主义社会规范的支配。