I argue that, given certain prominent views of personal identity and prudence, the nonidentity problem, or a very similar problem, can arise postconception. I clarify and defend this claim by considering the implications of these views for prenatal injury.

中文翻译：

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产前损伤和非同一性问题

我认为，鉴于个人身份和谨慎的某些突出观点，非身份问题或非常类似的问题可能会在受孕后出现。我通过考虑这些观点对产前伤害的影响来澄清和捍卫这一主张。