Declines in heart rate variability associated with short-term PM2.5 exposure were modified by blood pressure control and treatment: A multi-city panel study in China,Environmental Pollution

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Declines in heart rate variability associated with short-term PM2.5 exposure were modified by blood pressure control and treatment: A multi-city panel study in China
Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117572
Xiaolong Xing ₁ , Fangchao Liu ₁ , Xueli Yang ₂ , Qiong Liu ₁ , Xinyan Wang ₁ , Zhennan Lin ₁ , Keyong Huang ₁ , Jie Cao ₁ , Jianxin Li ₁ , Meng Fan ₃ , Xiaotian Chen ₄ , Cuizhen Zhang ₅ , Shufeng Chen ₁ , Xiangfeng Lu ₁ , Dongfeng Gu ₆ , Jianfeng Huang ₁

Affiliation

Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201100, China.
Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) was associated with altered heart rate variability (HRV). However, whether blood pressure (BP) control and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment modifies the associations was seldom addressed. Therefore, we conducted a 3-phase panel study among 282 hypertensive subjects aged 35–74 years in four cities of China to address this issue. Real-time personal PM sampling and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring were performed repeatedly in 3 different seasons. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted overall and by control status of BP and ARB treatment to assess the associations between short-term PM exposure and HRV. The average hourly PM concentrations (Mean ± SD) ranged from 19.3 ± 18.2 μg/m to 99.4 ± 76.9 μg/m across study phases and cities. Generally, PM exposure was associated with decreased hourly and 24-h HRV. However, these adverse impacts were attenuated among patients with controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg). For each 10 μg/m increment in moving average of previous 2 days' (MA2d) PM exposure, 24-h SDNN (standard deviation of NN intervals) and rMSSD (root mean square of successive RR interval differences) decreased by 0.89% (95% CI: 0.19%–1.59%) and 2.98% (95% CI: 1.04%–4.89%) among patients with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mmHg), whereas no obvious declines were observed among those with controlled BP ( = 0.007 and 0.022, respectively). Furthermore, ARB treatment alleviated or eliminated PM-associated declines in hourly and 24-h HRV among those with uncontrolled BP. For instance, 24-h SDNN decreased by 1.31% (95% CI: 0.54%–2.07%) with a 10 μg/m increment in lag 2 days’ PM exposure in ARB nonusers, whereas no obvious changes were observed in ARB users ( = 0.021). In conclusion, although PM exposure would decrease HRV, better BP control and ARB treatment could attenuate these adverse impacts, which provides supporting evidence for alleviating autonomic dysfunction of hypertension patients living in areas with high-level PM.

更新日期：2021-06-09

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