In this Perspective we show how an expansion of the scope and impact of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is enabled by streamlining the underpinning biocatalyst and bioprocess engineering. We begin by discussing how the underlying need for waste reduction and high (enantio)selectivities fostered the introduction of biocatalysis as a sustainable technology for the industrial synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). We continue by showing how advances in molecular biology, in particular gene sequencing and protein engineering, enabled the development of more and better enzymes, thereby broadening the industrial scope of biocatalysis. Further process improvements are provided through protein engineering for enzyme immobilization and integration of enzyme production with in vivo immobilization. Finally, the use of immobilized enzymes in continuous operation (biocatalysis in flow) facilitates the sequential integration of multi-step reactions into enzymatic or chemo-enzymatic cascade processes, thus enabling the complete, cost-effective, and environmentally attractive production of APIs.

中文翻译：

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优化可持续生物催化酶的设计、工程和应用

在这个视角中，我们展示了如何通过简化基础生物催化剂和生物过程工程来扩大生物催化在工业有机合成中的范围和影响。我们首先讨论减少废物和高（对映）选择性的潜在需求如何促进引入生物催化作为活性药物成分 (API) 工业合成的可持续技术。我们继续展示分子生物学的进步，特别是基因测序和蛋白质工程，如何能够开发更多更好的酶，从而扩大生物催化的工业范围。通过用于酶固定化和酶生产与体内整合的蛋白质工程提供了进一步的工艺改进固定。最后，在连续操作（流动中的生物催化）中使用固定化酶有助于将多步反应顺序整合到酶促或化学-酶促级联过程中，从而实现完整、具有成本效益和环境吸引力的 API 生产。