Intestinal disorder is an important factor contributing to growth lag and high rates of morbidity and mortality of piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Resveratrol (RSV) and its derivative pterostilbene (PT) are natural stilbenes possessing various bioactivities, such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study compared the protective potential of RSV and PT on the intestinal redox status and gut microbiota in weanling piglets with IUGR. Eighteen male piglets of normal body weight (NBW) and 54 same-sex IUGR piglets were chosen according to their birth and weaning weights. The NBW piglets accepted a basal diet, while the IUGR piglets were allotted to one of three groups according to their body weight at weaning and received a basal diet, an RSV-supplemented diet (300 mg/kg), or a PT-supplemented diet (300 mg/kg), respectively. Compared with IUGR piglets, both RSV and PT improved the IUGR-associated decrease in jejunal villus height and increases in plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level and jejunal apoptosis of piglets (P < 0.05). Administering RSV and PT also enhanced jejunal superoxide dismutase activity and the mRNA and protein expression of superoxide dismutase 2 of IUGR piglets by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation (P < 0.05). Comparatively, PT was more effective than RSV in elevating the villus height/crypt depth ratio and occludin mRNA and protein levels in the jejunum of IUGR piglets (P < 0.05). PT was also superior to RSV in increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibiting malondialdehyde accumulation in the jejunum of IUGR piglets (P < 0.05). Additionally, RSV modulated the composition of cecal microbiota of IUGR piglets, as evidenced by increasing the prevalence of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genera Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides and inhibiting the growth of the phylum Proteobacteria and its genera Escherichia and Actinobacillus (P < 0.05). Moreover, RSV significantly increased the butyrate concentration in the cecum of IUGR piglets (P < 0.05). PT is more potent than RSV to prevent intestinal oxidative stress, while RSV has a stronger capacity to regulate gut microbiota compared to PT.

中文翻译：

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白藜芦醇及其衍生物紫檀芪通过调节氧化还原状态和肠道微生物群改善宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪肠道损伤

肠道疾病是导致宫内生长迟缓 (IUGR) 仔猪生长滞后和高发病率和死亡率的重要因素。白藜芦醇 (RSV) 及其衍生物紫檀芪 (PT) 是天然的芪，具有多种生物活性，如抗氧化和抗炎作用。本研究比较了 RSV 和 PT 对 IUGR 断奶仔猪肠道氧化还原状态和肠道微生物群的保护潜力。根据出生体重和断奶体重选择18头正常体重（NBW）雄性仔猪和54头同性IUGR仔猪。NBW 仔猪接受基础日粮，而 IUGR 仔猪根据断奶时的体重分配到三组之一，并接受基础日粮、添加 RSV 的日粮（300 mg/kg）或添加 PT 的日粮(300 毫克/公斤), 分别。与IUGR仔猪相比，RSV和PT均改善了IUGR相关的空肠绒毛高度降低，血浆二胺氧化酶活性和D-乳酸水平的增加以及仔猪的空肠凋亡（P < 0.05）。给予 RSV 和 PT 还通过促进核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf2) 核易位来增强 IUGR 仔猪的空肠超氧化物歧化酶活性以及超氧化物歧化酶 2 的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达（P < 0.05）。相比之下，PT在提高IUGR仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比和occludin mRNA和蛋白质水平方面比RSV更有效（P <0.05）。PT 在增加 Nrf2 核转位和抑制 IUGR 仔猪空肠中丙二醛的积累方面也优于 RSV（P < 0.05）。此外，RSV 调节了 IUGR 仔猪的盲肠微生物群的组成，这可以通过增加拟杆菌门和普雷沃氏菌属、粪杆菌属和副杆菌属的流行率并抑制变形杆菌门及其埃希氏菌属和放线杆菌属的生长来证明（P < 0.05）。此外，RSV 显着增加了 IUGR 仔猪盲肠中的丁酸盐浓度（P < 0.05）。PT 在预防肠道氧化应激方面比 RSV 更有效，而与 PT 相比，RSV 具有更强的调节肠道微生物群的能力。和 Parabacteroides 并抑制变形菌门及其属埃希氏菌和放线菌的生长（P < 0.05）。此外，RSV 显着增加了 IUGR 仔猪盲肠中的丁酸盐浓度（P < 0.05）。PT 在预防肠道氧化应激方面比 RSV 更有效，而与 PT 相比，RSV 具有更强的调节肠道微生物群的能力。和 Parabacteroides 并抑制变形菌门及其属埃希氏菌和放线菌的生长（P < 0.05）。此外，RSV 显着增加了 IUGR 仔猪盲肠中的丁酸盐浓度（P < 0.05）。PT 在预防肠道氧化应激方面比 RSV 更有效，而与 PT 相比，RSV 具有更强的调节肠道微生物群的能力。