Formal standards codify knowledge. Next to patents representing the generation of innovative knowledge, standards can hence be used to proxy the diffusion of innovative knowledge in macroeconomic growth models. Previous work mainly investigates the positive impact of in particular patents, but also standards on economic growth in short term, single country studies. This study is the first to examine the long-term effects of formal standards and patents on economic growth in a panel of eleven EU-15 countries between 1981 and 2014 using panel cointegration techniques. From policy makers' perspective standardization has also gained recently an increasing attention, e.g. in the call for the development of a European standardization strategy in the update of the industrial strategy. Our results show that European and international standards foster growth for the group of countries but that national standards have ambiguous growth effects in the panel. For patents, no significant effect on growth in this group of countries is identified.

正式标准对知识进行了编纂。除了代表创新知识产生的专利之外，标准因此可以用来代表创新知识在宏观经济增长模型中的传播。以前的工作主要调查特定专利的积极影响，以及短期单一国家研究对经济增长的标准。本研究首次使用面板协整技术来检验正式标准和专利对 1981 年至 2014 年间由 11 个欧盟 15 国组成的面板对经济增长的长期影响。从政策制定者的角度来看，标准化最近也得到了越来越多的关注，例如在工业战略更新中呼吁制定欧洲标准化战略。我们的结果表明，欧洲和国际标准促进了国家集团的增长，但国家标准对小组的增长影响不明确。对于专利，没有发现对这组国家的增长有显着影响。