ABSTRACT

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) forests are devastated and abandoned in Japan. Although mushroom products are profitable, with the marketable ones expected to originate from Japanese forests, a few fungi mainly develop fruiting bodies in sugi forests in nature. With white mushrooms (Sugi-take) being popularly eaten by local residents in Mie prefecture, it is thus important that the mode of occurrence of white mushrooms found in the forests is investigated to determine the possibility of marketable forest products in sugi forests. In the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the internal transcribed region of rDNA, white mushrooms were divided into two groups; Leucopaxillus giganteus (a synonym of Aspropaxillus giganteus) and Aspropaxillus, and Clitocybe sp. and L. tricolor. The cultivation method of L. giganteus, which is the most functional mushroom among the three species, was examined. L. giganteus fruiting bodies formed a fairy ring at a distance of 1 m from the point of burial of 40 kg media in the sugi forest. L. giganteus fruiting body formation was observed until 5 years post-inoculation. The yield was 3.8–13.4 kg/year and the total yield for 5 years was 43.2 kg. The fruiting body yield buried in spring was higher than that buried in autumn. The highest yield was obtained when 40 kg of media was buried in the forest soil. This study established a method for cultivating L. giganteus in the sugi forest of Japan.

摘要

杉 ( Cryptomeria japonica ) 森林在日本遭到破坏和遗弃。虽然蘑菇产品是有利可图的，但预计可销售的产品来自日本森林，少数真菌主要在自然界中的杉林中发育子实体。由于三重县当地居民普遍食用白蘑菇（Sugi-take），因此调查森林中发现的白蘑菇的发生模式以确定杉林中可销售林产品的可能性非常重要。在基于rDNA内部转录区构建的系统发育树中，白蘑菇被分为两组；Leucopaxillus巨（的同义词Aspropaxillus巨和）Aspropaxillus，和Clitocybe sp。和L. 三色。研究了三种蘑菇中功能性最强的香菇（L. giganteus）的栽培方法。L. giganteus子实体在距杉林40 kg介质埋点1 m处形成仙环。直到接种后 5 年才观察到巨型 L. giganteus子实体的形成。产量为3.8-13.4公斤/年，5年总产量为43.2公斤。春季埋藏的子实体产量高于秋季埋藏的子实体产量。将 40 kg 介质埋入森林土壤中时获得最高产量。本研究建立了巨乳杆菌的培养方法 在日本的杉树林里。