Scholars in diverse disciplines have examined the associations between psychological adjustment and microaggression, and overt discrimination. It remains unclear whether the roles of microaggression in adjustment outcomes can be differentiated from the roles of overt discrimination and neuroticism. I examined the extent to which racial microaggression explained unique variances of negative affect, alcohol consumption, and drinking problems while controlling for overt discrimination and neuroticism among African American, Asian American, and Latinx American college students (N = 713). Intervening roles of psychological distress linking microaggression and overt discrimination to adjustment outcomes were also tested. Among African Americans, microaggression and overt discrimination did not consistently predict psychological adjustment. Among Asian and Latinx Americans, microaggression and overt discrimination predicted negative affect via psychological distress. Microaggression also explained the variances of alcohol use outcomes among Asian Americans. Findings are discussed in the context of an acute racism reactions model and underscore the importance of considering overt discrimination and microaggression simultaneously as determinants of psychological adjustment.

中文翻译：

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种族微侵略、公开歧视和痛苦：（在）与心理调整的直接关联

不同学科的学者研究了心理调整与微攻击性以及明显歧视之间的关联。目前尚不清楚微攻击在调整结果中的作用是否可以与明显的歧视和神经质的作用区分开来。我检查了种族微攻击在多大程度上解释了负面影响、饮酒和饮酒问题的独特差异，同时控制了非裔美国人、亚裔美国人和拉丁美洲裔美国大学生（N = 713）的明显歧视和神经质。还测试了将微攻击和明显歧视与调整结果联系起来的心理困扰的干预作用。在非裔美国人中，微攻击和明显的歧视并不能始终如一地预测心理调整。在亚裔和拉丁裔美国人中，微攻击性和明显的歧视通过心理困扰预测了负面影响。微攻击也解释了亚裔美国人饮酒结果的差异。研究结果在急性种族主义反应模型的背景下进行了讨论，并强调了将公开的歧视和微观攻击同时作为心理调整的决定因素的重要性。