ABSTRACT The successful rehabilitation of wastelands contaminated with industrial aerial pollution that contain a high concentration of heavy metals is promising through the use of alkalizing and adsorptive materials. Serpentine-rich mining wastes were deemed an ideal candidate for soil rehabilitation in the impact zone of Cu-Ni smelters. These mining wastes had favorable properties such as high phytoavailable content of Ca (3–10 g kg−1) and Mg (5–25 g kg−1) and have an alkaline pH of 7.5 to 8.5. Another advantage of these wastes is the ability to reduce Ni and Cu mobility, which are two important pollutants. Field experiments were conducted in 2011–2013 to create a grass cover on the top of a 5-cm layer of mineral materials near two Cu-Ni smelters in the Russian Arctic zone. Three types of serpentine-rich wastes and quarry sand (control group) were used for Technosol engineering on industrial barrens. There was a steady development of herbal communities on Technosols formed from the serpentine-rich mining waste. The biomass of the aboveground portions of the plants and the height of the turf on these Technosols was three times higher than in the control group using quarry sand. Serpentine-rich mining wastes enriched the underlying soil with phytoavailable Ca and Mg by a factor of 4 and 25, respectively, as compared with quarry sand. Serpentine minerals had reduced the mobile (water-soluble and exchangeable) concentration of Ni and Cu by greater than a factor of 10 due to acid neutralization, sorption, and the formation of sparingly soluble compounds. Summarily, the proposed remediation technology through the use of serpentine-rich mining waste succeeded in reducing the toxicity of heavy metals, increased the concentration of macronutrients, and promoted the sustainable development of plant cover.

中文翻译：

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蛇纹石采矿废料——铜镍污染荒地土壤修复材料

摘要 通过使用碱化和吸附材料，成功修复被工业空气污染的高浓度重金属污染的荒地是有希望的。富含蛇纹石的采矿废物被认为是铜镍冶炼厂影响区土壤恢复的理想候选者。这些采矿废物具有良好的特性，例如钙 (3-10 g kg-1) 和镁 (5-25 g kg-1) 的植物可利用含量高，并且具有 7.5 至 8.5 的碱性 pH 值。这些废物的另一个优点是能够降低镍和铜的迁移率，这两种重要的污染物。2011-2013 年进行了实地试验，在俄罗斯北极地区的两个铜镍冶炼厂附近的 5 厘米矿物材料层顶部创建了草覆盖。三种富含蛇纹石的废物和采石场砂（对照组）用于工业贫瘠的 Technosol 工程。在由富含蛇纹石的采矿废料形成的 Technosols 上，草药群落稳步发展。这些 Technosols 上植物地上部分的生物量和草皮高度是使用采石场沙子的对照组的三倍。与采石场砂相比，富含蛇纹石的采矿废物使底层土壤中的植物可利用钙和镁分别增加了 4 倍和 25 倍。由于酸中和、吸附和微溶化合物的形成，蛇纹石矿物将镍和铜的移动（水溶性和可交换）浓度降低了 10 倍以上。概括地说，