ABSTRACT Soil microbial properties are highly sensitive to present and past anthropogenic influences such as urban expansion, which is among the most drastic form of land-use change having substantial consequences for soils. New Moscow is an ambitious project to reduce the population of Moscow city that resulted in a rapid urbanization of former croplands, fallow lands, and forested areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of historical land use in New Moscow on urban soil microbial properties. The land-use map of New Moscow from 2016 was compared with a similar map from 1981 to investigate the main urbanization pathways and land-use history of the new urbanized areas. Compared with 1981, the 2016 urban areas were more than three times greater, and the forest, pasture, and cropland areas were reduced by 9%, 87%, and 18%, respectively. Topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (10–30 cm) samples were collected from 11 nonurbanized and 11 urbanized areas from current and former forest, pasture, and cropland soils. Soil microbial biomass carbon and respiration rates and chemical (pH and total C and N) and physical (bulk density and texture) properties were compared. Urban soils converted from forests and pastures showed negative effects of urbanization on topsoil microbial properties, whereas a conversion of cropland to urban soil increased microbial biomass carbon and microbial respiration. Soil microbial properties and N and C contents showed a strong correlation. The influence of historic land use on subsoil microbial properties was not significant.

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新莫斯科不同土地利用历史的城市土壤微生物特性

摘要 土壤微生物特性对现在和过去的人为影响高度敏感，例如城市扩张，这是土地利用变化的最剧烈形式之一，对土壤产生重大影响。新莫斯科是一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在减少莫斯科市的人口，导致前农田、休耕地和森林地区的快速城市化。本研究旨在调查新莫斯科历史土地利用对城市土壤微生物特性的影响。将 2016 年的新莫斯科土地利用图与 1981 年的类似地图进行比较，以调查新城市化区的主要城市化路径和土地利用历史。与1981年相比，2016年城区面积扩大了3倍多，森林、牧场、耕地面积分别减少了9%、87%和18%。表土（0-10 厘米）和底土（10-30 厘米）样品是从 11 个未城市化和 11 个城市化地区的当前和以前的森林、牧场和农田土壤中收集的。比较了土壤微生物生物量碳和呼吸速率以及化学（pH 值和总 C 和 N）和物理（体积密度和质地）特性。从森林和牧场转化的城市土壤显示出城市化对表土微生物特性的负面影响，而农田转化为城市土壤增加了微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸。土壤微生物特性与N、C含量呈强相关性。历史土地利用对底土微生物特性的影响不显着。牧场和农田土壤。比较了土壤微生物生物量碳和呼吸速率以及化学（pH 值和总 C 和 N）和物理（体积密度和质地）特性。从森林和牧场转化的城市土壤显示出城市化对表土微生物特性的负面影响，而农田转化为城市土壤增加了微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸。土壤微生物特性与N、C含量呈强相关性。历史土地利用对底土微生物特性的影响不显着。牧场和农田土壤。比较了土壤微生物生物量碳和呼吸速率以及化学（pH 值和总 C 和 N）和物理（体积密度和质地）特性。从森林和牧场转化的城市土壤显示出城市化对表土微生物特性的负面影响，而农田转化为城市土壤增加了微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸。土壤微生物特性与N、C含量呈强相关性。历史土地利用对底土微生物特性的影响不显着。从森林和牧场转化的城市土壤显示出城市化对表土微生物特性的负面影响，而农田转化为城市土壤增加了微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸。土壤微生物特性与N、C含量呈强相关性。历史土地利用对底土微生物特性的影响不显着。从森林和牧场转化的城市土壤显示出城市化对表土微生物特性的负面影响，而农田转化为城市土壤增加了微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸。土壤微生物特性与N、C含量呈强相关性。历史土地利用对底土微生物特性的影响不显着。