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Dangerous speech and images: regulating the internet
Information & Communications Technology Law Pub Date : 2018-01-02 , DOI: 10.1080/13600834.2017.1393928
Chara Bakalis 1 , Chris Lloyd 1
Affiliation  

This edition of the journal contains a collection of articles on the regulation of dangerous speech and images on the internet. The authors address, from a number of different perspectives, the legal problems which arise from the proliferation of pictures and text on the internet and which might be deemed ‘dangerous’. The pieces discuss the extent to which legal regulation of speech and images is both desirable and attainable. The papers present an opportunity to explore some of the common problems associated with regulating the internet, but also offer the chance to investigate in more depth the particular issues which arise in the discrete areas of interest of each author. This special issue starts with three pieces that can broadly be defined as dealing with the banning of images. The first is a piece by Jacob Rowbottom, who traces the history of obscenity laws and juxtaposes this alongside their modern use. He shows how the use of obscenity laws has been transformed as a result of society’s heightened attitudes towards child protection, coupled with the growing number of ‘obscene’ images accessible on the internet. He shows how this has resulted in the increase in the number of people prosecuted under this legislation, and he urges us to consider the extent to which the right people are being brought within the net of criminal liability. This is followed by Alisdair Gillespie who takes a closer look at child pornography laws. He employs a doctrinal approach to consider the reach and extent of the legislation. He too identifies a recent shift in the way these laws have been applied. He notes that these offences, at their core, are about child protection, but are increasingly being used in a way that is nothing to do with child protection, and this potentially infringes our right to freedom of expression and sexual autonomy. This shift has arisen as a result of the concerns surrounding the proliferation of images on the internet. He is particularly critical of the laws surrounding ‘sexting’ which he argues were a reaction to the belief that adolescents did not understand the implications of the internet and the consequences of their behaviour. The issue of sexting is the topic of Chris Lloyd’s piece. He adopts a theoretical deconstructionist approach based on the work of Jacques Derrida and Maurizio Ferraris to further our understanding of the problems surrounding sexting. His article outlines the problem caused by the sexting laws which appear to have ignored the social and technological context within which this behaviour is manifested. Adolescents of today are ‘born digital’ and thus have a particular relationship with the internet which needs to be taken into account when creating laws. Furthermore, the fact that sexting occurs through the use of mobile phones (as opposed to laptops or desktops) also has implications for the law. The final two pieces are concerned with the regulation of ‘speech’. Chara Bakalis discusses the existing legal rules for the regulation of online hate speech. Cyberhate is an area that has gained much attention recently, and brings with it the added complexity of being a direct challenge to our freedom of speech. She argues that our current rules for regulating online abuse are inadequate – being both under and over-inclusive. She suggests a framework for reforming this area which requires us to be much more precise about the different forms that cyberhate takes and the different harms it causes.

中文翻译:

危险言论和图像:规范互联网

本期杂志收录了一系列关于互联网上危险言论和图像监管的文章。作者从多个不同的角度解决了因互联网上图片和文字激增而可能被视为“危险”的法律问题。这些文章讨论了对言论和图像的法律监管在多大程度上既可取又可实现。这些论文提供了探索与监管互联网相关的一些常见问题的机会,但也提供了更深入研究每个作者感兴趣的离散领域中出现的特定问题的机会。本期特刊从三篇文章开始,大致可以定义为处理禁止图像的问题。第一个是 Jacob Rowbottom 的作品,谁追溯了淫秽法律的历史,并将其与现代使用并列在一起。他展示了由于社会对儿童保护的高度重视,以及互联网上越来越多的“淫秽”图片,淫秽法律的使用发生了怎样的变化。他展示了这如何导致根据该立法被起诉的人数增加,并敦促我们考虑将合适的人纳入刑事责任网的程度。其次是 Alisdair Gillespie,他仔细研究了儿童色情法。他采用理论方法来考虑立法的范围和范围。他也指出这些法律的应用方式最近发生了变化。他指出,这些罪行的核心是保护儿童,但越来越多地以与儿童保护无关的方式使用,这可能会侵犯我们的言论自由和性自主权。这种转变是由于对互联网上图像激增的担忧而产生的。他特别批评围绕“色情短信”的法律,他认为这是对青少年不了解互联网的含义及其行为后果的信念的一种反应。色情短信的问题是克里斯·劳埃德 (Chris Lloyd) 文章的主题。他采用基于雅克德里达和毛里齐奥费拉里斯工作的理论解构主义方法来进一步了解围绕色情短信的问题。他的文章概述了由色情短信法律引起的问题,这些法律似乎忽略了体现这种行为的社会和技术背景。今天的青少年是“天生的数字化”,因此与互联网有着特殊的关系,在制定法律时需要考虑到这一点。此外,通过使用手机(而不是笔记本电脑或台式机)发送色情短信的事实也对法律产生了影响。最后两篇与“言语”的规范有关。Chara Bakalis 讨论了监管在线仇恨言论的现有法律规则。网络仇恨是最近备受关注的一个领域,它带来了对我们的言论自由的直接挑战的额外复杂性。她认为,我们目前监管在线滥用的规则是不够的——包容性不足和过度包容。她提出了一个改革这一领域的框架,这要求我们对网络仇恨的不同形式及其造成的不同危害更加准确。
更新日期:2018-01-02
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