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Engaging with the Bureaucracy: Indian Immigration Agents and Interpreters in Cape Town, South Africa (1902–16)
South Asian Studies Pub Date : 2017-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/02666030.2017.1354475 Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie 1
South Asian Studies Pub Date : 2017-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/02666030.2017.1354475 Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie 1
Affiliation
As part of a global pattern of Asian exclusions, in the early twentieth century, the Cape Colony effectively excluded new Asian immigrants by requiring immigrants to pass a literacy test in a European language. A permit system, employing the technologies of photography and anthropometry, was developed to facilitate transnational travel for those already in the colony who were unable to comply with the literacy test. This article pieces together fragments of the biographies of two Indians who functioned as immigration agents/interpreters to bridge the immigration bureaucracy and the seekers of documents. Its focus is on the bureaucratic implementation of the law, the performative acts of the agents at the immigration offices and docks, and their clients and their opponents. It argues that, deploying attributes of respectability, these agents penetrated the codes of behaviour of officials and developed relationships and spheres of influence. The agents facilitated Indian Ocean mobilities and shaped the functioning of the bureaucracy, rendering it dependent, and its systems of identification fallible.
中文翻译:
与官僚机构打交道:南非开普敦的印度移民代理和口译员(1902-16 年)
作为全球排斥亚洲模式的一部分,在 20 世纪初,开普殖民地通过要求移民通过欧洲语言的识字测试,有效地排除了新的亚洲移民。开发了一种使用摄影和人体测量技术的许可证系统,以方便那些已经在殖民地无法通过识字测试的人进行跨国旅行。本文将两位印度人的传记片段拼凑在一起,他们担任移民代理/口译员,在移民官僚机构和文件寻求者之间架起桥梁。它的重点是法律的官僚执行、移民办公室和码头的代理人的行为,以及他们的客户和他们的对手。它认为,部署受人尊敬的属性,这些代理人渗透了官员的行为准则并发展了关系和影响范围。代理人促进了印度洋的流动并塑造了官僚机构的运作,使其具有依赖性,其识别系统容易出错。
更新日期:2017-07-03
中文翻译:
与官僚机构打交道:南非开普敦的印度移民代理和口译员(1902-16 年)
作为全球排斥亚洲模式的一部分,在 20 世纪初,开普殖民地通过要求移民通过欧洲语言的识字测试,有效地排除了新的亚洲移民。开发了一种使用摄影和人体测量技术的许可证系统,以方便那些已经在殖民地无法通过识字测试的人进行跨国旅行。本文将两位印度人的传记片段拼凑在一起,他们担任移民代理/口译员,在移民官僚机构和文件寻求者之间架起桥梁。它的重点是法律的官僚执行、移民办公室和码头的代理人的行为,以及他们的客户和他们的对手。它认为,部署受人尊敬的属性,这些代理人渗透了官员的行为准则并发展了关系和影响范围。代理人促进了印度洋的流动并塑造了官僚机构的运作,使其具有依赖性,其识别系统容易出错。