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Civitas Romana: The Fluidity of an Ideal
Al-Masāq Pub Date : 2019-11-12 , DOI: 10.1080/09503110.2019.1682854
Andrew Wallace-Hadrill

ABSTRACT The view that the idea of citizenship almost entirely lost significance in late antiquity depends, it is argued here, on too narrow and too rigid a definition of citizenship. The major turning points are seen as the suppression by Augustus of key political institutions like the vote, and the extension by Caracalla of Roman citizenship to the free inhabitants of the Empire. This depends on emphasis on the political rights of citizenship as in the Aristotelian ideal, and on the supposed exemption of citizens from physical punishment. It is argued here that at all points the ideal and contents of citizenship were fluid, and that the importance of the status for other advantages of Roman law, especially the right of inheritance of property, have been underestimated. Despite Caracalla, citizenship was not a universal status, as is shown by the continued exclusion from citizen privileges of heretics and others classified as infames. Even after the collapse of central power in the western Empire, citizenship remained an ideal, now focused on membership of local communities rather than the ruling power.

中文翻译:

Civitas Romana:理想的流动性

摘要 认为公民的概念在古代晚期几乎完全失去意义的观点取决于,这里争论的是,公民的定义过于狭窄和过于僵化。主要的转折点被视为奥古斯都对投票等关键政治机构的压制,以及卡拉卡拉将罗马公民身份扩展到帝国的自由居民。这取决于对亚里士多德理想中公民的政治权利的重视,以及公民免于体罚的假设。这里有人认为,公民身份的理想和内容在任何时候都是可变的,而且地位对于罗马法其他优势的重要性,尤其是财产继承权,被低估了。尽管卡拉卡拉,公民身份并不是一个普遍的地位,正如异教徒和其他被归类为臭名昭著的人继续被排除在公民特权之外。即使在西方帝国的中央权力崩溃之后,公民身份仍然是一种理想,现在专注于当地社区的成员资格而不是统治权力。
更新日期:2019-11-12
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