ABSTRACT

Local people’s’participation is highly recommended in protected areas (PAs) management. This study aimed at understanding local people’s participation as “means” or tool and “ends” or empowerment in the management of Kinabalu National Park (KNP) in Sabah state of Malaysia and the Kayan Mentarang National Park (KMNP) in North Kalimantan of Indonesia, two important PAs located in the Heart of Borneo. Following Bali Guidelines by UNEP, three important aspects of public participation at the local level were evaluated by deploying qualitative research methods for key-informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGD), and content analysis of policy documents. In KMNP, policies and legal framework primarily supported local peoples’ participation as “means” in park management, which was also revealed from interviews with KII and in FGD. Local communities had access to surrounding natural resources for livelihoods which is considered to be participation as “ends.” There was no policy support for formal participation of local people in KNP management, but recent informal permission to use designated park areas for farming and eco-tourism can be seen participation as “means” and as “ends.” To achieve both of “means” and “ends” fully, participation needs to be integrated into national parks’ legal system.

摘要

强烈建议当地人民参与保护区（PA）的管理。本研究旨在了解当地人民在马来西亚沙巴州京那巴鲁国家公园 (KNP) 和印度尼西亚北加里曼丹省 Kayan Mentarang 国家公园 (KMNP) 管理中作为“手段”或工具和“目的”或授权的参与，位于婆罗洲中心的两个重要保护区。根据联合国环境规划署的巴厘岛指南，通过采用关键知情人访谈 (KII)、焦点小组讨论 (FGD) 和政策文件内容分析的定性研究方法，对地方一级公众参与的三个重要方面进行了评估。在 KMNP 中，政策和法律框架主要支持当地人民作为“手段”参与公园管理，这从对 KII 和 FGD 的采访中也可以看出。当地社区可以利用周围的自然资源谋生，这被认为是参与的“目的”。当地人正式参与 KNP 管理没有政策支持，但最近非正式允许使用指定的公园区域进行农业和生态旅游可以被视为“手段”和“目的”。要充分实现“手段”和“目的”并重，需要将参与纳入国家公园的法律体系。