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Precision medicine in pediatric solid cancers
Seminars in Cancer Biology ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.008
Mirjam Blattner-Johnson 1 , David T W Jones 1 , Elke Pfaff 2
Affiliation  

Despite huge advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cancers over the past several decades, it remains one of the leading causes of death during childhood in developed countries. The development of new targeted treatments for these diseases has been hampered by two major factors. First, the extremely heterogeneous nature of the types of tumors encountered in this age group, and their fundamental differences from common adult carcinomas, has made it hard to truly get a handle on the complexities of the underlying biology driving tumor growth. Second, a reluctance of the pharmaceutical industry to develop products or trials for this population due to the relatively small size of the ‘market’, and a too-easy mechanism of obtaining waivers for pediatric development of adult oncology drugs based on disease type rather than mechanism of action, led to significant difficulties in getting access to new drugs. Thankfully, the field has now started to change, both scientifically and from a regulatory perspective, in order to address some of these challenges. In this review, we will examine some of the recent insights into molecular features which make pediatric tumors so unique and how these might represent therapeutic targets; highlight ongoing international initiatives for providing comprehensive, personalized genomic profiling of childhood tumors in a clinically-relevant timeframe, and look briefly at where the field of pediatric precision oncology may be heading in future.



中文翻译:

小儿实体癌的精准医疗

尽管过去几十年儿科癌症的诊断和治疗取得了巨大进步,但它仍然是发达国家儿童期死亡的主要原因之一。两个主要因素阻碍了针对这些疾病的新靶向治疗的开发。首先,在这个年龄组中遇到的肿瘤类型的极其异质性,以及它们与常见成人癌症的根本差异,使得很难真正掌握驱动肿瘤生长的潜在生物学的复杂性。其次,由于“市场”规模相对较小,制药行业不愿为这一人群开发产品或试验,以及基于疾病类型而不是作用机制的成人肿瘤药物儿科开发豁免机制过于简单,导致获得新药的重大困难。值得庆幸的是,该领域现在已经开始改变,无论是从科学角度还是从监管角度来看,以应对其中的一些挑战。在这篇综述中,我们将研究最近对使儿科肿瘤如此独特的分子特征的一些见解,以及这些可能如何代表治疗靶点;强调正在进行的国际倡议,以在临床相关的时间范围内提供儿童肿瘤的全面、个性化基因组分析,并简要介绍儿科精准肿瘤学领域未来的发展方向。值得庆幸的是,该领域现在已经开始改变,无论是从科学角度还是从监管角度来看,以应对其中的一些挑战。在这篇综述中,我们将研究最近对使儿科肿瘤如此独特的分子特征的一些见解,以及这些可能如何代表治疗靶点;强调正在进行的国际倡议,以在临床相关的时间范围内提供儿童肿瘤的全面、个性化基因组分析,并简要介绍儿科精准肿瘤学领域未来的发展方向。值得庆幸的是,该领域现在已经开始改变,无论是从科学角度还是从监管角度来看,以应对其中的一些挑战。在这篇综述中,我们将研究最近对使儿科肿瘤如此独特的分子特征的一些见解,以及这些可能如何代表治疗靶点;强调正在进行的国际倡议,以在临床相关的时间范围内提供儿童肿瘤的全面、个性化基因组分析,并简要介绍儿科精准肿瘤学领域未来的发展方向。我们将研究最近对使儿科肿瘤如此独特的分子特征的一些见解,以及这些可能如何代表治疗靶点;强调正在进行的国际倡议,以在临床相关的时间范围内提供儿童肿瘤的全面、个性化基因组分析,并简要介绍儿科精准肿瘤学领域未来的发展方向。我们将研究最近对使儿科肿瘤如此独特的分子特征的一些见解,以及这些可能如何代表治疗靶点;强调正在进行的国际倡议,以在临床相关的时间范围内提供儿童肿瘤的全面、个性化基因组分析,并简要介绍儿科精准肿瘤学领域未来的发展方向。

更新日期:2021-06-09
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