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Red maple dominance and community homogenization in a disturbed forested wetland
Wetlands Ecology and Management ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s11273-021-09808-6
Raymond F. Ludwig , Daniel L. McLaughlin , Frederic C. Wurster

Homogenization of forest stands with generalist species is a hallmark of past disturbance and characterizes the Great Dismal Swamp (GDS), a forested wetland in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Once a mosaic of wetland communities, disturbances (e.g., timber harvesting and ditching) have resulted in altered hydrologic regimes and forested communities. In response, hydrologic restoration and forest management aim to enhance community composition and function. To inform these efforts, we investigated forest communities and their associations with hydrologic regimes at 79 monitoring plots across GDS, where we collected data on vegetation composition and structure, hydrologic indicators, and soil properties. Our results demonstrate that red maple (Acer rubrum) is the dominant species across GDS, where red maple importance is negatively correlated with stand density, richness, and diversity. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four distinct community types: Swamp Tupelo-Maple (ST-M), Maple-Holly (M-H), Sweetgum-Maple (SG-M), and Maple (M). Despite ubiquitous presence of red maple in these communities, significant differences in tree composition and structure were found; however, this variation rarely extended to other growth forms. Although water level estimates (via model simulations and high-water marks) failed to explain vegetation differences, soil properties indicative of wetness regimes suggest that communities exist along a hydrologic gradient. The ST-M community likely exists on wetter sites, whereas SG-M communities occur at drier locations. More maple-dominated communities (M and M-H; 68% of plots) likely occur across broader hydrologic gradients, explaining their widespread occurrence. These findings point to potential drivers of forested communities, but additional characterization of hydrology coupled with continued vegetation monitoring are needed to adaptively conduct hydrologic restoration efforts.



中文翻译:

受干扰的森林湿地中的红枫优势和群落同质化

林分与一般物种的同质化是过去干扰的标志,也是大西洋沿岸平原森林湿地大阴森沼泽 (GDS) 的特征。曾经是湿地群落的马赛克,干扰(例如,木材采伐和开沟)导致了水文状况和森林群落的改变。作为回应,水文恢复和森林管理旨在增强社区组成和功能。为了为这些努力提供信息,我们在 GDS 的 79 个监测点调查了森林群落及其与水文状况的关联,在那里我们收集了有关植被组成和结构、水文指标和土壤特性的数据。我们的结果表明,红枫 ( Acer rubrum) 是整个 GDS 的优势物种,其中红枫重要性与林分密度、丰富度和多样性呈负相关。层次聚类分析揭示了四种不同的群落类型:Swamp Tupelo-Maple (ST-M)、Maple-Holly (MH)、Sweetgum-Maple (SG-M) 和 Maple (M)。尽管这些群落中普遍存在红枫,但发现树木组成和结构存在显着差异;然而,这种变化很少扩展到其他生长形式。尽管水位估计(通过模型模拟和高水位线)无法解释植被差异,但指示湿度状况的土壤特性表明,群落存在于水文梯度上。ST-M 群落可能存在于较潮湿的地点,而 SG-M 群落则出现在较干燥的地点。更多以枫树为主的社区(M 和 MH;68% 的地块)可能跨越更广泛的水文梯度,解释了它们的广泛分布。这些发现指出了森林社区的潜在驱动因素,但需要额外的水文特征以及持续的植被监测来适应性地进行水文恢复工作。

更新日期:2021-06-09
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