We present a core-periphery-like multicentric urban spatial equilibrium model to explore the endogenous relationships among traffic congestion, urban population, and job decentralization, and investigate the urban optimization problem with fiscal considerations by optimizing the number of employment subcenters. The solution properties of this model, which is associated with the urban spatial structure, are analytically explored. We then compare four urban fiscal regimes to answer how the city authority should utilize fiscal instruments, such as aggregate differential rent, congestion toll, and revenue redistribution to support the construction of employment subcenters. Our results demonstrate the centralization effect of congestion toll and the decentralization effect of revenue redistribution. Revenue redistribution induces an increasing population in the suburban area, as well as a larger number of employment subcenters. Furthermore, we find that achieving the city authority's fiscal balance may not necessarily enhance the residents' utility level when congestion pricing is not implemented, depending on the unit construction cost of employment subcenters. Nevertheless, it can always improve utility for the residents when the marginal-cost congestion pricing scheme is utilized to eliminate the externality on highways. In addition, the regimes with the city authority's fiscal balance may not necessarily lead to the maximal social welfare, depending on the parameter converting residents' utility level into equivalent monetary units. We also discuss the urban optimization problem by considering a utility improving constraint and the agglomeration from production in the core, and the presence of the optimal urban population.

我们提出了一个类似核心外围的多中心城市空间均衡模型，探索交通拥堵、城市人口和工作分散之间的内生关系，并通过优化就业子中心的数量来研究财政考虑的城市优化问题。分析探索了与城市空间结构相关的该模型的求解特性。然后，我们比较了四种城市财政制度，以回答城市当局应如何利用总差价租金、拥堵费和收入再分配等财政工具来支持就业子中心的建设。我们的结果证明了拥堵费的集中效应和收入再分配的分散效应。收入再分配导致郊区人口的增加，以及更多的就业分中心。此外，我们发现，在不实施拥堵收费的情况下，实现城市当局的财政平衡不一定会提高居民的效用水平，这取决于就业子中心的单位建设成本。尽管如此，当利用边际成本拥堵定价方案来消除高速公路的外部性时，它总是可以提高居民的效用。此外，市政当局财政平衡的制度不一定会带来最大的社会福利，这取决于将居民的效用水平转换为等价货币单位的参数。