In marine environments, the exchange of particles and solutes between the seafloor and overlying water column, known as benthic-pelagic (B/P) coupling is an important component in many biological and biogeochemical cycles. Key processes and drivers involved in this exchange display strongly seasonal variability, especially in temperate coastal environments. The magnitude and timings of these seasonal patterns however are not identical year-on-year, and the influence of this inter-annual variability on the rate and direction of B/P exchange, as well as the influence of longer term, multi-year trends, are less well understood. In this current study, multi-year temporal patterns of benthic-pelagic solute and particle exchange were investigated on the examples of particulate organic carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen time series data, to assess connections between inter- and multi-annual processes and characterize their nature and what drives them. To this end, a decadal (2009–2018) time-series dataset that combines biological, physical, meteorological and chemical measurements from the Western Channel Observatory, Plymouth, UK was analysed in combination with supplementary data from several environmental monitoring agencies. Time-series decomposition using seasonal decomposition with locally estimated scatterplot smoothing revealed that the main causes of inter-annual variability were extreme outlier events, some of which were influential enough to cause multi-annual trends. Stochastic meteorological and biological extremes, such as exceptional storms and phytoplankton blooms explained a large proportion of outlier events in the time series. Global-scale climatic fluctuations, such as North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation Index were reflected in benthic-pelagic exchange trends when they co-occurred in an additive manner (e.g. positive NAO and El Niño). The importance of multi-parameter long-term observatories, such as the Western Channel Observatory, is highlighted, and the use of transdisciplinary time-series datasets to identify individual events which have large ecosystem-level impacts is demonstrated. In order to identify and monitor long-term effects, such as climate trends or decadal global ocean cycles, multi-decadal sustained observations are of vital importance.

在海洋环境中，海底与上覆水柱之间的颗粒和溶质交换（称为底栖-远洋 (B/P) 耦合）是许多生物和生物地球化学循环中的重要组成部分。这种交换所涉及的关键过程和驱动因素显示出强烈的季节性变化，尤其是在温带沿海环境中。然而，这些季节性模式的幅度和时间与去年同期不同，这种年际变化对 B/P 汇率和方向的影响，以及长期、多年的影响趋势，不太了解。在目前的研究中，以颗粒有机碳和溶解无机氮时间序列数据为例，研究了底栖-中上层溶质和颗粒交换的多年时间模式，评估跨年度和多年度过程之间的联系，并描述其性质和驱动因素。为此，结合来自英国普利茅斯西海峡天文台的生物、物理、气象和化学测量结果的十年 (2009-2018) 时间序列数据集与来自多个环境监测机构的补充数据相结合进行了分析。使用季节性分解和局部估计散点图平滑的时间序列分解表明，年际变化的主要原因是极端异常事件，其中一些影响足以导致多年趋势。随机气象和生物极端事件，例如异常风暴和浮游植物大量繁殖，解释了时间序列中的大部分异常事件。全球尺度的气候波动，例如北大西洋涛动 (NAO) 和南方涛动指数，当它们以加性方式同时发生时（例如正 NAO 和厄尔尼诺现象），反映在底栖-远洋交换趋势中。强调了多参数长期天文台（如西海峡天文台）的重要性，并证明了使用跨学科时间序列数据集来识别对生态系统具有较大影响的单个事件。为了识别和监测气候趋势或十年全球海洋循环等长期影响，多十年的持续观测至关重要。强调了多参数长期天文台（如西海峡天文台）的重要性，并证明了使用跨学科时间序列数据集来识别对生态系统具有较大影响的单个事件。为了识别和监测气候趋势或十年全球海洋循环等长期影响，多十年持续观测至关重要。强调了多参数长期天文台（如西海峡天文台）的重要性，并证明了使用跨学科时间序列数据集来识别对生态系统具有较大影响的单个事件。为了识别和监测气候趋势或十年全球海洋循环等长期影响，多十年的持续观测至关重要。