Full-length transcriptome sequencing based on the PacBio sequencing platform could significantly optimize the annotation of gene structures. As an ancient relic gymnosperm in the monotypic order Ginkgoales, Ginkgo biloba L. contains rich terpenoids that are medicinally valuable. The seeds have abundant edible endosperm, which is delicious and of high nutritional value. However, existing molecular studies on the developmental process of ginkgo seeds are relatively weak, and the biosynthesis of terpenoids in seeds has received little attention. Therefore, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology and Illumina sequencing were combined to sequence six tissues related to the reproductive growth and development of ginkgo in order to generate a high-quality full-length transcription database. In total, 20.98 Gb of clean reads containing 178,548 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) sequences were obtained. From these data, 4019 novel genes and 22,845 novel isoforms were predicted, 52.32 % of the novel genes were annotated, and three novel isoforms were annotated in terpene synthesis related pathways. The enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that, 95 genes were enriched into 21 categories related to seed development, and 47 DEGs were enriched in the skeletal pathway of terpene synthesis. Combined with the real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the phosphosynthase family members synthesizing terpene precursors have diverse and complex expression trends during seed development. Our findings confirm the advantages of SMRT, which facilitated the construction a rich transcript data-set for research on the development of ginkgo seeds, enriching the annotation of the ginkgo genome, and enhancing our understanding of gene regulation of terpene biosynthesis in ginkgo seeds.

基于PacBio测序平台的全长转录组测序可以显着优化基因结构的注释。作为单型目银杏目中的古代遗物裸子植物，银杏L. 含有丰富的萜类化合物，具有药用价值。种子含有丰富的食用胚乳，味道鲜美，营养价值高。然而，现有关于银杏种子发育过程的分子研究相对薄弱，种子中萜类化合物的生物合成很少受到关注。因此，结合单分子实时（SMRT）技术和Illumina测序，对6个与银杏生殖生长发育相关的组织进行测序，以生成高质量的全长转录数据库。总共获得了 20.98 Gb 的干净读数，其中包含 178,548 个全长非嵌合 (FLNC) 序列。从这些数据中，预测了 4019 个新基因和 22,845 个新亚型，52.32% 的新基因被注释，并且在萜烯合成相关途径中注释了三个新的同种型。差异表达基因（DEGs）富集分析表明，95个基因富集到与种子发育相关的21个类别中，47个DEGs富集在萜烯合成的骨架途径中。结合实时定量逆转录 PCR (qRT-PCR)，合成萜烯前体的磷酸合酶家族成员在种子发育过程中具有多样化和复杂的表达趋势。我们的研究结果证实了 SMRT 的优势，这有助于构建丰富的转录数据集，用于研究银杏种子的发育，丰富银杏基因组的注释，增强我们对银杏种子萜生物合成基因调控的理解。差异表达基因（DEGs）富集分析表明，95个基因富集到与种子发育相关的21个类别中，47个DEGs富集在萜烯合成的骨架途径中。结合实时定量逆转录 PCR (qRT-PCR)，合成萜烯前体的磷酸合酶家族成员在种子发育过程中具有多样化和复杂的表达趋势。我们的研究结果证实了 SMRT 的优势，这有助于构建丰富的转录数据集，用于研究银杏种子的发育，丰富银杏基因组的注释，增强我们对银杏种子萜生物合成基因调控的理解。差异表达基因（DEGs）富集分析表明，95个基因富集到与种子发育相关的21个类别中，47个DEGs富集在萜烯合成的骨架途径中。结合实时定量逆转录 PCR (qRT-PCR)，合成萜烯前体的磷酸合酶家族成员在种子发育过程中具有多样化和复杂的表达趋势。我们的研究结果证实了 SMRT 的优势，这有助于构建丰富的转录数据集，用于研究银杏种子的发育，丰富银杏基因组的注释，增强我们对银杏种子萜生物合成基因调控的理解。萜烯合成的骨架途径中富集了 47 个 DEG。结合实时定量逆转录 PCR (qRT-PCR)，合成萜烯前体的磷酸合酶家族成员在种子发育过程中具有多样化和复杂的表达趋势。我们的研究结果证实了 SMRT 的优势，这有助于构建丰富的转录数据集，用于研究银杏种子的发育，丰富银杏基因组的注释，增强我们对银杏种子萜生物合成基因调控的理解。萜烯合成的骨架途径中富集了 47 个 DEG。结合实时定量逆转录 PCR (qRT-PCR)，合成萜烯前体的磷酸合酶家族成员在种子发育过程中具有多样化和复杂的表达趋势。我们的研究结果证实了 SMRT 的优势，这有助于构建丰富的转录数据集，用于研究银杏种子的发育，丰富银杏基因组的注释，增强我们对银杏种子萜生物合成基因调控的理解。