The secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) group of secreted enzymes hydrolyze phospholipids and lead to the production of multiple biologically active lipid mediators. sPLA₂s and their products (e.g., eicosanoids) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases, including life-threatening lung disorders such as acute lung injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The ALI/ARDS spectrum of severe inflammatory conditions is caused by direct (such as bacterial or viral pneumonia) or indirect insults (sepsis) that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several sPLA₂ isoforms are upregulated in patients with ARDS as well as in multiple ALI preclinical models, and individual sPLA₂s exert unique roles in regulating ALI pathophysiology. This brief review will summarize the contributions of specific sPLA₂ isoforms as markers and mediators in ALI, supporting a potential therapeutic role for targeting them in ARDS.

分泌型磷脂酶 A ₂ (sPLA ₂ ) 组的分泌酶水解磷脂并导致多种生物活性脂质介质的产生。sPLA ₂ s 及其产品（例如类花生酸）在各种炎性疾病的病理生理学中发挥重要作用，包括危及生命的肺部疾病，例如急性肺损伤 (ALI) 和急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)。ALI/ARDS 严重炎症性疾病谱是由与高发病率和死亡率相关的直接（如细菌或病毒性肺炎）或间接损伤（败血症）引起的。几个 sPLA ₂亚型在 ARDS 患者以及多种 ALI 临床前模型中上调，并且个体 sPLA ₂在调节 ALI 病理生理学中发挥独特作用。这篇简短的综述将总结特定 sPLA ₂异构体作为 ALI 的标志物和介质的贡献，支持在 ARDS 中靶向它们的潜在治疗作用。