It is well known that the inflationary scenario often displays different sets of degeneracies in its predictions for CMB observables. These degeneracies usually arise either because multiple inflationary models predict similar values for the scalar spectral index n _S and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, or because within the same model, the values of {n _S , r} are insensitive to some of the model parameters, making it difficult for CMB observations alone to constitute a unique probe of inflationary cosmology. We demonstrate that by taking into account constraints on the post-inflationary reheating parameters such as the duration of reheating N _re, its temperature T _re and especially its equation of state (EOS), w _re, it is possible to break this degeneracy in certain classes of inflationary models where identical values of {n _S , r} can correspond to different reheating w _re. In particular, we show how reheating constraints can break inflationary degeneracies in the T-model and the E-model α-attractors. Non-canonical inflation is also studied. The relic gravitational wave (GW) spectrum provides us with another tool to break inflationary degeneracies. This is because the GW spectrum is sensitive to the post-inflationary EOS of the universe. Indeed a stiff EOS during reheating (w _re > 1/3) gives rise to a small scale blue tilt in the spectral index n _GW = d log Ω_GW/d log k > 0, while a soft EOS (w _re < 1/3) results in a red tilt. Relic GWs therefore provide us with valuable information about the post-inflationary epoch, and their spectrum can be used to cure inflationary degeneracies in {n _S , r}.

众所周知，暴胀情景在其对 CMB 可观测物的预测中经常表现出不同的退化集。这些退化通常是因为多个暴胀模型预测标量光谱指数n _S和张量标量比r的相似值，或者因为在同一模型中，{ n _S , r } 的值对某些不敏感模型参数，使得仅靠 CMB 观测很难构成对暴胀宇宙学的独特探索。我们证明，通过考虑对通货膨胀后再加热参数的限制，例如再加热的持续时间N _re，其温度 T _re，尤其是它的状态方程 (EOS) w _re，可以在某些类型的暴胀模型中打破这种退化，其中 { n _S , r } 的相同值可以对应于不同的再加热w _re。特别是，我们展示了再加热约束如何打破 T 模型和 E 模型 α-吸引子中的膨胀退化。还研究了非规范膨胀。遗迹引力波（GW）光谱为我们提供了另一种打破暴胀退化的工具。这是因为 GW 光谱对宇宙的暴胀后 EOS 很敏感。在再加热过程中确实有一个僵硬的 EOS ( w _re > 1/3) 导致光谱指数 n _GW = d log Ω _GW / d log k > 0 的小尺度蓝色倾斜，而软 EOS ( w _re < 1/3) 导致红色倾斜。因此，Relic GW 为我们提供了关于后通胀时代的有价值信息，它们的频谱可用于治疗 { n _S , r } 中的通胀退化。