In recent years, measurements on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and modelling performed for plasmas with hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) as the main gas have improved our understanding of the ion mass dependencies in fusion plasmas. The observed isotope effects can be explained with established physics processes which highlight the importance of treating heat transport with coupled electron and ion heat channels. In the core of electron heated L-mode plasmas, the mass dependence of the electron–ion equipartition results in a reduction of with increasing ion mass. Combined with higher profile stiffness in the ions compared to the electrons, this results in improved core confinement for higher ion masses. At the edge of L-mode plasmas where a higher collisionality is observed, parallel electron dynamics is fundamental for turbulence. The parallel electron dynamics term in the gyrokinetic equations directly depends on , resulting in a different kinetic response with different ion mass. Higher turbulent fluxes are expected with lower ion mass. This is consistent with the difference in observed in the experiment. The mass dependence of turbulent transport in the L-mode edge has direct consequences for the L–H transition. More heating power is required to enter the H-mode at lower mass (). This is expected if the critical E B shearing rate is important for the transition from L to H mode. In the H-mode pedestal, remains important to regulate the turbulent transport. The electrons do not contribute to and the enhanced equipartition for lower ion masses causes a shift from the ion channel to the electron channel in the absolute heat fluxes. Consequently, the inter edge localised mode (ELM) transport is found to be higher with lower isotope mass. This enhanced transport in H can prevent the pedestal from reaching the peeling–ballooning stability boundary with engineering parameters where D plasmas are peeling–ballooning unstable. Increasing the triangularity reduces the inter ELM transport in H stronger than in comparable D plasmas. For matched pedestal top and matched heat sources, the core heat transport is found to be similar for H and D when the fast-ion content is low. When ion temperature gradient turbulence stabilisation by fast ions becomes relevant, the mass dependent fast-ion slowing down results in higher fast-ion content in D and therefore in a reduction of ion heat transport in the core. Then, even for matched pedestals .

近年来，对 ASDEX 升级托卡马克的测量和对以氢 (H) 和氘 (D) 为主要气体的等离子体进行的建模提高了我们对聚变等离子体中离子质量依赖性的理解。观察到的同位素效应可以用已建立的物理过程来解释，这些过程强调了用耦合电子和离子热通道处理热传输的重要性。在电子加热的 L 型等离子体的核心中，电子-离子均分的质量依赖性导致随着离子质量的增加。与电子相比，离子具有更高的剖面刚度，这导致对更高离子质量的核心限制得到改善。在观察到更高碰撞性的 L 模式等离子体边缘，平行电子动力学是湍流的基础。陀螺动力学方程中的平行电子动力学项直接取决于，从而导致不同离子质量的不同动力学响应。较高的湍流通量预计具有较低的离子质量。这与实验中观察到的差异一致。L 模式边缘湍流输运的质量依赖性对 L-H 转变有直接影响。需要更多的加热功率才能以较低的质量进入 H 模式 ( )。这是预期的，如果关键E B剪切速率对于从 L 模式到 H 模式的转变很重要。在 H 模式基座中，调节湍流传输仍然很重要。电子没有贡献较低离子质量的增强均分导致绝对热通量从离子通道转移到电子通道。因此，发现边缘间局域模式 (ELM) 传输较高，同位素质量较低。这种在 H 中增强的输运可以防止基座到达具有工程参数的剥离 - 膨胀稳定性边界，其中 D 等离子体剥离 - 膨胀不稳定。增加三角度会降低 H 中的 ELM 间传输，比可比的 D 等离子体更强。对于匹配的基座顶部和匹配的热源，当快离子含量较低时，发现 H 和 D 的核心热传输相似。当快速离子对离子温度梯度湍流的稳定性变得相关时，质量相关的快离子减速导致 D 中的快离子含量更高，因此会减少核心中的离子热传输。然后，即使对于匹配的基座.