The problem of recognising single sparsely located scatterers against the noise background in the image obtained by the method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is considered. An identification method based on the use of specific scanning features upon OCT image registration and on the statistical analysis of image fragments is proposed. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated experimentally in the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. The approach can be used in the development of automated algorithms for determining the presence of highly transparent effusion in the middle ear cavity of a human with acute otitis media with effusion, including postoperative one.

考虑了通过光学相干断层扫描（OCT）方法获得的图像中针对噪声背景识别单个稀疏定位散射体的问题。提出了一种基于使用特定扫描特征对 OCT 图像配准和图像片段的统计分析的识别方法。该方法的有效性在渗出性中耳炎的诊断中得到了实验证明。该方法可用于开发自动化算法，用于确定患有急性中耳炎伴积液的人的中耳腔中是否存在高度透明的积液，包括术后积液。