We report the detection of 23 OH⁺ 1 → 0 absorption, emission, or P-Cygni-shaped lines and CO(J = 9→8) emission lines in 18 Herschel-selected z = 2–6 starburst galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array, taken as part of the Gas And Dust Over cosmic Time Galaxy Survey. We find that the CO(J = 9→8) luminosity is higher than expected based on the far-infrared luminosity when compared to nearby star-forming galaxies. Together with the strength of the OH⁺ emission components, this may suggest that shock excitation of warm, dense molecular gas is more prevalent in distant massive dusty starbursts than in nearby star-forming galaxies on average, perhaps due to an impact of galactic winds on the gas. OH⁺ absorption is found to be ubiquitous in massive high-redshift starbursts, and is detected toward 89% of the sample. The majority of the sample shows evidence for outflows or inflows based on the velocity shifts of the OH⁺ absorption/emission, with a comparable occurrence rate of both at the resolution of our observations. A small subsample appears to show outflow velocities in excess of their escape velocities. Thus, starburst-driven feedback appears to be important in the evolution of massive galaxies in their most active phases. We find a correlation between the OH⁺ absorption optical depth and the dust temperature, which may suggest that warmer starbursts are more compact and have higher cosmic-ray energy densities, leading to more efficient OH⁺ ion production. This is in agreement with a picture in which these high-redshift galaxies are “scaled-up” versions of the most intense nearby starbursts.

我们报告了使用阿塔卡马大毫米波在 18 个赫歇尔选择的z = 2-6 星暴星系中检测到 23 OH ⁺ 1 → 0 吸收、发射或 P-天鹅座形线和 CO（J = 9→8）发射线/submmillimeter Array 和 NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array，作为宇宙时间银河调查中的气体和尘埃的一部分。我们发现，与附近的恒星形成星系相比，CO( J = 9→8) 光度高于基于远红外光度的预期。再加上OH ⁺的力量发射成分，这可能表明，在遥远的大质量尘埃星暴中，温暖、密集的分子气体的激波激发比在附近的恒星形成星系中更为普遍，这可能是由于银河风对气体的影响。发现OH ⁺吸收在大量高红移星暴中无处不在，并且在 89% 的样本中被检测到。大多数样本显示出基于 OH ⁺速度变化的流出或流入证据吸收/发射，在我们观察的分辨率下两者的发生率相当。一个小的子样本似乎显示出超过其逃逸速度的流出速度。因此，星暴驱动的反馈似乎在大质量星系最活跃阶段的演化中很重要。我们发现 OH ⁺吸收光学深度与尘埃温度之间存在相关性，这可能表明较暖的星暴更紧凑，具有更高的宇宙射线能量密度，从而更有效地产生 OH ⁺离子。这与图片中的这些高红移星系是附近最强烈的星暴的“放大”版本一致。