Three quarters of a century ago, in his paper “Quadrupole and dipole γ-emission from nuclei” [J. Phys. USSR 8 331 (1944); Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 15 81 (1945)], A B Migdal introduced the concept of quantum collective excitation modes into nuclear physics, thereby predicting the phenomenon of giant dipole resonance (GDR). GDR research has had an enormous influence on the formation of modern concepts relating to the dynamics of nuclei. We briefly discuss Migdal’s paper and trace the history of theoretical and experimental studies of GDR. New forms of GDR and analogues of GDR in nonnuclear microsystems are mentioned.

Dedicated to the 75th anniversary of A B Migdal’s work “Quadrupole and dipole γ-emission from nuclei”

四分之三个世纪前，在他的论文“来自原子核的四极和偶极γ发射”[ J. Phys. 苏联8 331 (1944)；ZH。埃克斯普。泰尔。菲兹。15 81 (1945)]，AB Migdal 将量子集体激发模式的概念引入核物理，从而预测了巨偶极子共振 (GDR) 现象。GDR 研究对与原子核动力学相关的现代概念的形成产生了巨大影响。我们简要讨论了 Migdal 的论文，并追溯了 GDR 理论和实验研究的历史。提到了非核微系统中新形式的 GDR 和 GDR 类似物。

献给 AB Migdal 的工作“四极和偶极 γ 原子核发射”75 周年