To increase the adoption and reliability of low impact development (LID) practices for stormwater runoff management and other co-benefits, we must improve our understanding of how climate (i.e. patterns in incoming water and energy) affects LID hydrologic behavior and effectiveness. While others have explored the effects of precipitation patterns on LID performance, the role of energy availability and well-known ecological frameworks based on the aridity index (ratio of potential evapotranspiration (ET) to precipitation, PET:P) such as Budyko theory are almost entirely absent from the LID scientific literature. Furthermore, it has not been tested whether these natural system frameworks can predict the fate of water retained in the urban environment when human interventions decrease runoff. To systematically explore how climate affects LID hydrologic behavior, we forced a process-based hydrologic model of a baseline single-family parcel and a parcel with infiltration-based LID practices with meteorological records from 51 U.S. cities. Contrary to engineering design practice which assumes precipitation intensity is the primary driver of LID effectiveness (e.g. through use of design storms), statistical analysis of our model results shows that the effects of LID practices on long-term surface runoff, deep drainage, and ET are controlled by the relative balance and timing of water and energy availability (PET:P, 30 d correlation of PET and P) and measures of precipitation intermittency. These results offer a new way of predicting LID performance across climates and evaluating the effectiveness of infiltration-based, rather than retention-based, strategies to achieve regional hydrologic goals under current and future climate conditions.

为了提高雨水径流管理和其他协同效益的低影响开发 (LID) 实践的采用和可靠性，我们必须提高我们对气候（即进水和能源的模式）如何影响 LID 水文行为和有效性的理解。虽然其他人已经探索了降水模式对 LID 性能的影响，但基于干旱指数（潜在蒸散量 (ET) 与降水的比率，PET:P）的能源可用性和众所周知的生态框架的作用，例如 Budyko 理论几乎是LID 科学文献中完全没有。此外，还没有测试这些自然系统框架是否可以预测当人类干预减少径流时保留在城市环境中的水的归宿。为了系统地探索气候如何影响 LID 水文行为，我们使用来自 51 个美国城市的气象记录，对基线单户宗地和具有基于渗透的 LID 实践的宗地建立了基于过程的水文模型。与假设降水强度是 LID 有效性的主要驱动因素（例如通过使用设计风暴）的工程设计实践相反，我们模型结果的统计分析表明，LID 实践对长期地表径流、深层排水和 ET 的影响受水和能量可用性的相对平衡和时间控制（PET：P，PET 和 P 的 30 天相关性）以及降水间歇性的测量。这些结果提供了一种预测不同气候下 LID 性能和评估基于渗透的有效性的新方法，