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Statistical limitations in ion imaging
Physics in Medicine & Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abee57
Charles-Antoine Collins-Fekete 1, 2 , Nikolaos Dikaios 3 , Esther Br 1 , Philip M Evans 2, 3
Affiliation  

In this study, we investigated the capacity of various ion beams available for radiotherapy to produce high quality relative stopping power map acquired from energy-loss measurements. The image quality metrics chosen to compare the different ions were signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of dose and spatial resolution. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were performed for: hydrogen, helium, lithium, boron and carbon ion beams crossing a 20 cm diameter water phantom to determine SNR and spatial resolution. It has been found that protons possess a significantly larger SNR when compared with other ions at a fixed range (up to 36% higher than helium) due to the proton nuclear stability and low dose per primary. However, it also yields the lowest spatial resolution against all other ions, with a resolution lowered by a factor 4 compared to that of carbon imaging, for a beam with the same initial range. When comparing for a fixed spatial resolution of 10 lp cm−1, carbon ions produce the highest image quality metrics with proton ions producing the lowest. In conclusion, it has been found that no ion can maximize all image quality metrics simultaneously and that a choice must be made between spatial resolution, SNR, and dose.



中文翻译:

离子成像的统计限制

在这项研究中,我们研究了可用于放射治疗的各种离子束的能力,以产生从能量损失测量中获得的高质量相对停止功率图。选择用于比较不同离子的图像质量指标是作为剂量和空间分辨率函数的信噪比 (SNR)。Geant4 Monte Carlo 模拟用于:氢、氦、锂、硼和碳离子束穿过直径为 20 厘米的水模型以确定 SNR 和空间分辨率。已经发现,由于质子核稳定性和每次初级的低剂量,与固定范围内的其他离子相比(比氦高出 36%),质子具有显着更大的 SNR。然而,它也对所有其他离子产生最低的空间分辨率,对于具有相同初始范围的光束,与碳成像相比,分辨率降低了 4 倍。在比较 10 lp cm 的固定空间分辨率时-1,碳离子产生最高的图像质量指标,质子离子产生最低的图像质量指标。总之,已经发现没有离子可以同时最大化所有图像质量指标,必须在空间分辨率、SNR 和剂量之间做出选择。

更新日期:2021-05-11
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