This paper presents a basic study of the possible application of roughness parameters for monitoring of the life cycle of 4D printed structures. Experiments were performed with the purpose of gaining some insight into a novel manufacturing technique that may be of future interest and to investigate measurement procedures which may be helpful in the effectively monitoring, maintenance and design of 4D structures. This article describes changes in certain roughness parameters, i.e., Ra, Rsk, RSm, and Sa during the repeated bending of 4D printed beams. The quantitative values of these parameters are also provided and discussed.

中文翻译：

---

通过微观几何分析表征和有效监测 4D 打印结构

本文介绍了粗糙度参数在 4D 打印结构生命周期监测中可能应用的基础研究。进行实验的目的是深入了解一种可能对未来感兴趣的新型制造技术，并研究可能有助于有效监测、维护和设计 4D 结构的测量程序。本文描述了在4D 打印梁的重复弯曲过程中某些粗糙度参数的变化，即Ra、Rsk、RSm和Sa。还提供并讨论了这些参数的定量值。