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Maternal deprivation affects goat kids’ stress coping behaviour
Physiology & Behavior ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113494
Claire Toinon 1 , Susanne Waiblinger 1 , Jean-Loup Rault 1
Affiliation  

Maternal deprivation early in life has been shown to disrupt neonates’ development. Nevertheless, separating the young animals from their dams soon after birth remains a common practice in dairy farm husbandry. This study investigated the effects of different rearing conditions on goat kids’ stress coping abilities. Twenty female kids were raised together with their dams (‘dam-reared’) in a herd composed of other lactating goats and kids, while twenty female kids were separated from their dams three days after birth and reared together with same-age peers (‘artificially-reared’) and visually separated from the lactating herd. All kids shared the same father and two thirds of the kids were twins allocated to each treatment. At one month of age, kids were individually submitted to a series of tests: a novel arena test, a novel goat test, and a novel object test. These tests happened consecutively in this order, and lasted 180 s each. The kids’ behaviour was video-recorded and analysed post-hoc by an observer blind to treatments. Five weeks after weaning, the kids were also subjected to human-animal relationship tests. During the three behavioural tests, artificially-reared kids vocalized more (P < 0.001), reared more (P < 0.001), ran more (P = 0.002) and jumped more (P < 0.001) than dam-reared kids, but self-groomed less (P = 0.01) and urinated less (P = 0.05) than dam-reared kids. During the novel goat test and the novel object test, artificially-reared kids gazed less at the novel goat and the novel object (P = 0.02) and initiated contact more quickly (P = 0.05) with the novel goat and the novel object than dam-reared kids. The treatments however did not differ significantly in salivary cortisol response to the tests (P = 0.96). Artificially-reared kids showed significantly less avoidance of humans than dam-reared kids during the human-animal relationship tests after weaning (P < 0.001). The higher intensity of their behavioural reaction showed that artificially-reared kids react to stressful situations more actively than dam-reared kids. The difference between the three tests were only minor, suggesting a general change in the kids’ response to stressful situations rather than a specific change in their social response tested with an unfamiliar adult. Hence, artificial rearing affects goat kids’ behavioural response to challenges, probably maternal deprivation being the main factor.



中文翻译:

母性剥夺影响山羊孩子的压力应对行为

母亲在生命早期的剥夺已被证明会扰乱新生儿的发育。尽管如此,在出生后不久将幼畜与母畜分开仍然是奶牛养殖业的常见做法。本研究调查了不同饲养条件对山羊孩子的压力应对能力的影响。20 名雌性孩子和她们的母羊一起被抚养在一个由其他哺乳山羊和孩子组成的羊群中,而 20 名女性孩子在出生三天后与她们的母羊分开,并与同龄的同龄人一起抚养(“人工饲养')并在视觉上与哺乳群分开。所有孩子都有同一个父亲,三分之二的孩子是分配给每个治疗的双胞胎。在一个月大的时候,孩子们被单独提交了一系列测试:一个新的竞技场测试,一个新的山羊测试,和一个新的对象测试。这些测试按此顺序连续进行,每次持续 180 秒。孩子们的行为被录像和分析由对治疗视而不见的观察者进行事后处理。断奶五周后,孩子们还接受了人与动物关系测试。在三个行为测试中,人工饲养的孩子比人工饲养的孩子发声更多(P < 0.001),饲养更多(P < 0.001),跑得更多(P  = 0.002)和跳跃更多(P < 0.001),但自我饲养的孩子 与母畜 饲养的孩子相比,他们梳理得更少(P = 0.01)和排尿更少(P = 0.05)。在新山羊测试和新物体测试中,人工饲养的孩子对新山羊和新物体的注视较少(P  = 0.02)并且开始接触更快(P = 0.05) 与新山羊和新对象比大坝饲养的孩子。然而,治疗在唾液皮质醇对测试的反应方面没有显着差异(P  = 0.96)。在断奶后的人与动物关系测试中,人工饲养的孩子对人类的回避显着低于母畜饲养的孩子(P< 0.001)。他们的行为反应强度更高,表明人工抚养的孩子比母亲抚养的孩子更积极地应对压力情况。三项测试之间的差异很小,表明孩子们对压力情况的反应发生了普遍变化,而不是在不熟悉的成年人身上进行测试时他们的社交反应发生了具体变化。因此,人工饲养会影响山羊孩子对挑战的行为反应,可能母体剥夺是主要因素。

更新日期:2021-06-22
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