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Modernizing thermal discharge assessments for the 21st century
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-07 , DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4472
Lawrence W Barnthouse 1 , Charles C Coutant 2
Affiliation  

A jointly prepared, interagency (US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission [USNRC]), §316(a) Technical Guidance Manual has been the primary guide to ecological studies of thermal discharges at power plants since 1977. It reflected contemporary ecological theory, which assumed that undisturbed populations and ecosystems possessed a balanced and relatively unchanging structure and function that could be disrupted by addition of heat from a thermal discharge. It was intended primarily to facilitate the licensing of proposed nuclear power plants and thus focused on predictive assessments. Since 1977, however, scientific and regulatory contexts of §316(a) assessments have changed. Ecologists abandoned the notion of “balance” in populations and ecosystems and now recognize that natural systems are always changing spatially and temporally. Regulatory emphasis has shifted from predictive assessments at new plants, largely based on thermal-tolerance laboratory data, to retrospective assessments based on field data at operating plants. We suggest updates to thermal-assessment studies based on modern ecological theory and recent thermal-assessment practice. The concepts we outline are fully consistent with statutory language and may assist in design and implementation of study plans by applicants and their consultants, development of discharge permits by USEPA or state agencies, and reviews of assessment documents by interested public and environmental organizations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:459–468. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

中文翻译:

使 21 世纪的热排放评估现代化

自 1977 年以来,联合编制的跨机构(美国环境保护署 [USEPA] 和美国核管理委员会 [USNRC])§316(a) 技术指导手册一直是发电厂热排放生态研究的主要指南。反映了当代生态理论,该理论假设未受干扰的种群和生态系统具有平衡且相对不变的结构和功能,可能会因热量排放的热量增加而被破坏。它的主要目的是促进拟建核电厂的许可,因此侧重于预测性评估。然而,自 1977 年以来,§316(a) 评估的科学和监管环境发生了变化。生态学家放弃了人口和生态系统“平衡”的概念,现在认识到自然系统总是在空间和时间上发生变化。监管重点已经从主要基于耐热实验室数据的新工厂的预测评估转变为基于运营工厂现场数据的回顾性评估。我们建议更新基于现代生态学理论和近期热评估实践的热评估研究。我们概述的概念与法定语言完全一致,可能有助于申请人及其顾问设计和实施研究计划、美国环保署或州机构制定排放许可证,以及感兴趣的公共和环境组织审查评估文件。监管重点已经从主要基于耐热实验室数据的新工厂的预测评估转变为基于运营工厂现场数据的回顾性评估。我们建议更新基于现代生态学理论和近期热评估实践的热评估研究。我们概述的概念与法定语言完全一致,可能有助于申请人及其顾问设计和实施研究计划、美国环保署或州机构制定排放许可证,以及感兴趣的公共和环境组织审查评估文件。监管重点已经从主要基于耐热实验室数据的新工厂的预测评估转变为基于运营工厂现场数据的回顾性评估。我们建议更新基于现代生态学理论和近期热评估实践的热评估研究。我们概述的概念与法定语言完全一致,可能有助于申请人及其顾问设计和实施研究计划、美国环保署或州机构制定排放许可证,以及感兴趣的公共和环境组织审查评估文件。我们建议更新基于现代生态学理论和近期热评估实践的热评估研究。我们概述的概念与法定语言完全一致,可能有助于申请人及其顾问设计和实施研究计划、美国环保署或州机构制定排放许可证,以及感兴趣的公共和环境组织审查评估文件。我们建议更新基于现代生态学理论和近期热评估实践的热评估研究。我们概述的概念与法定语言完全一致,可能有助于申请人及其顾问设计和实施研究计划、美国环保署或州机构制定排放许可证,以及感兴趣的公共和环境组织审查评估文件。2022 年整合环境评估管理;18:459–468。© 2021 作者。由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 出版的综合环境评估和管理。
更新日期:2021-06-07
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